Tuesday, August 10, 2021

EARLY SCHOOLS

Teacher and schoolchildren outside bark school, Black Lead (?) 1872
Source: SLNSW


Miss Richards with her pupils in front of the Church of England, Gulgong, 1872
Source: SLNSW

The teacher is Miss Elizabeth Richards. The girls' school was conducted in the Church. 
Source: Information supplied by B.Baldwin (July 2006)

Church of England School, teacher & children, Gulgong, 1872
Source: SLNSW

Miss Richards with her pupils in front of the Church of England, Gulgong
Source: SLNSW

Miss Elizabeth Richards, schoolteacher
Source: SLNSW
_______________________________

Former Catholic Church used as the Catholic School (adjacent to the new Catholic Church within the Church reserve), with teacher James Dillon, left
Source: SLNSW

Note: This building has been identified as the Union Church in several publications in and outside of Gulgong [it isn't]. There are only a few references to the Union Church in the very early days of Gulgong, supposedly erected by the miners because the other major religions had not established churches at that time. The Union Church was built by the miners between Herbert Street and Medley Streets about where Anzac Park is today. The church was used by all religions until they built churches of their own, and the last to use it were the Congregationalists until their church was built in Mayne Street in January 1872. 
In this photograph (above) the Church of England church can be seen to the right on Church Hill, and also the paling fence which enclosed the Catholic Church reserve. A clearer view of the position of the building can be seen in the panoramic photo at Home & Away - 38956. When the new Catholic Church was completed in December 1871 the old church became the Catholic School building. The man on the left is John Dillon the school teacher. 
Source: Note supplied by Baldwin & Davis, research Gulgong (Aug 2006)

Detail: Former Catholic Church used as the Catholic School (adjacent to the new Catholic Church within the Church reserve), with teacher James Dillon, left
Source: SLNSW

NEWS ITEMS

1869 - EDUCATIONAL
The earliest teacher for "Gulgong" (before there was actually a town) was Arthur W Castray, listed in the 1869 Moore's Almanac under "Public Schools - Gulgong". The Australian Almanac lists him again in 1870. Meanwhile, Guntawang School had teachers listed as early as 1861.
Source: Moore's Almanac

1870 - [DECEMBER]
I find that there is no public school as yet established, though it is high time there was, as there are any number of juveniles located here. Several private schools exist, the principal of which is that conducted by Miss Dove, who has a daily attendance of thirty-four, which shows that, if a public school was organised, a large attendance could be safely expected.
I do not know what the preliminary steps are that are necessary to inaugurate such a school. Perhaps the editor of The Town and Country Journal would kindly explain them in a foot note, as a guide to us Gulgongites.

1871 - NEW SCHOOL
MR. W. DUMMAR
Having received the necessity that exists for a school in the vicinity of the Black Lead, begs to announce he will open a school in the commodious premises in Herbert-street adjoining the Albion Hotel.
Grenfell & Bourke
Night School 7.30pm to 9.30p.m.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 9, 15 April 1871

1871 - New School
MR. W. DUMMAR
HAVING seen the necessity that exists for a school in the vicinity of the Black Lead, begs to announce that he will OPEN a School in the commodious premises in Herbert Street, adjoining the Albion Hotel.
As he has had considerable experience in teaching at Grenfell, Bourke, and other towns in this colony he feels confident in giving satisfaction to parents.
Night School from 7.30pm to 9.30pm.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 10, 22 April 1871

1871 - ORDER of SONS of TEMPERANCE
We would call the particular attention of the Sons of Temperance resident on the goldfield to the meeting convened for Friday evening next, having, we presume, for its object for the establishment of a branch of the Society in Gulgong. The place of meeting is Mr. Dumar’s school, next to the Albion Hotel in Herbert Street.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 12, 6 May 1871

1871 - Public School.
The want of a public school and a fully competent teacher is of great need on this goldfield. There are hundreds of children here who go to no school. As there is little chance of collecting the necessary funds to build a suitable school. The Church of England have offered their church to be used as a school. The building is admirably suited for a school but we hope it will not be required for long.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 38, 4 November 1871

1871 - RICH POOR GOLD-FIELD
It may appear paradoxical, yet is nevertheless true, that Gulgong is the richest and yet at the same time the poorest goldfield now existing in New South Wales. As far as riches are concerned, it appears gold to the value of nearly £200,000 has been raised on this field during the last 6 months, but, however rich it has been in gold, yet it is steeped in poverty as regards education. There are at the present time hundreds of children running wild in Gulgong, as ignorant as Kangaroos, without school houses or teachers. It is true there are some bark places called schools, but nothing at all situated to the requirements of the gold fields. The public seem apathetic as regards education, but it is high time they awoke from their apathy; the children of the present generation will be the parents of the next, and it is easy to perceive what will be their state without education. We hope the people of Gulgong will at once see the necessity of educating their children, and lose not one moment in providing a public school worthy of so rich a place, and let it be as rich in educational means as it is in golden treasure.
Source: 'Gulgong Advertiser' of November 2, 1871 as reproduced in Mudgee Guardian and North-Western Representative (NSW : 1890 - 1954) Thu 16 Jun 1932 Page 12

1871 - School
There are at least 1,000 children on the goldfield with no school to attend.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 42, 2 December 1871

1871 - [PUBLIC MEETING]
Public School Meeting held at Binder's hotel, for the purpose to take steps to procure a public school under the auspices of the Council of Education. TA Browne in chair. Those present – Messrs. Russell, Benjamin, Young McLennan, Naughton, Driscoll, Stacy, Stewart, Sellman, Deitz, Moss, McCulloch, Ferrie, Scully, Hewitt, Donaldson, McDermott, Dec. Browne, Plunkett, Booth, R. Jones, Keating, Cairns, Self, Tissington, Adams and J. Hill.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 42, 2 December 1871

1871 - EDITORIAL
Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon the gentlemen who have come forward for the purpose of instituting a Public School on Gulgong, under the auspices of the Council of Education. Now that our resources are so prominently before the public of the colony's, and the success which has been achieved, stamps our locality as the most prominent among the goldfields of New South Wales, it certainly was incumbent upon our influential residents to accelerate a means whereby the children of our community could be both morally and intellectually trained. 
The result of the visit of Inspector McCredie has quite come up to our anticipation; his reception amongst us was most cordial, and his ideas carried out with that zeal and energy which can only emanate from citizens who have the public need at heart. According to the regulations made under the Act, which has brought such credit to its originator -Mr Parkes - it is provided that the Council of Education, as a rule, will give double the amount subscribed locally for the purpose of building a school-house and teacher's residence, that is to say, if Gulgong should subscribe £200, the Council augments the amount by £400 more, besides furnishing teachers, school furniture, and books. 
Under these circumstances, and considering the importance of the steps in question, we have no doubt that the inhabitants of the goldfield will exercise such a manifestation of feeling in the matter, that the exigencies of the case will be met with a happy response, and that the committee appointed to carry out the resolutions of the public meeting held on Monday evening last will meet with a deserved and legitimate success.
No doubt the Public Schools Act of the Colony has been much criticized; it has its friends, and, of course, it has yet enemies; yet, this much can be said of it - that the rising generation of the metropolis and the provinces have been indicated in such a manner, and under such a system, that the records of New South Wales will, most undoubtedly prove, that society has been benefited and the immorality of our cities wonderfully decreased. It is often quoted - "that good men require no laws but the rectitude of their own sentiment." Such men are growing by hundreds daily out of our Public Schools, and filling the most responsible positions. Education has done for them what gold would fail to accomplish. The schools of the Colony - either public or denominational - constitute one of the main features that crush demoralization and raise a people to respectability and influence. It will indeed be a "red-letter-day" for Gulgong when the public school-house is built, and the children properly instructed by trained teachers, under the supervision of inspectors periodically visiting the schools. We comprehend the force of the maxim - "truth is mighty, and it will prevail" and, we feel assured, that the day is not far distant when the public of Gulgong will have cause for much thankfulness, that their interests were so well attended to by the creation of a public school in their midst.
It is calculated that there is now on Gulgong 1,000 children, for whom there exists no facilities for attending school. The only school of a public kind is the one attached to the Catholic denomination, and which is so crowded as to render it impossible for any more to attend it. The few private schools are not of that character as to enable them to be classed as effective aids in imparting knowledge to children. They are better then nothing, is true, but they are not up to the standard of a Public School, in any respect.
It is, we believe, intended to erect large roomy school buildings, that will enable the boys and girls to be taught separate, and, if the attendance justifies to also have an infant school. If accommodation is not sacrificed to appearance in the design, we think that suitable buildings could be provided for £500, and say £100 more for a teacher's residence, the total amount requiring on Gulgong would be only £200. We think that by an energetic and judicious effort this amount can be raised. Not only should heads of families back up the efforts of the committee, but those inhabitants yet reveling in the pleasures of bachelorhood should also lend a helping hand in this good work. The effort required is a small one, if united. Unity in strength, as we all know, and in this case it means success.
There is every possibility that teachers possessing more than average abilities will endeavour to be appointed to the charge of the Public School, as by a recent regulation of the Council of Education, no teacher will in future be promoted to the charge of a Sydney School until such teacher has been three years in charge of a country school. This has created quite a change in the teacher's ambition, as those whose qualifications to teach are undoubtedly anxious to do their three years as soon as practicable; and for such a place as Gulgong the competition will doubtless be a keen one.
We hope to hear this public school movement being a cheering success; and as we have endeavoured to point out the advantages of such a local institution, we hope that the response made will be worthy of the object.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 42, 2 December 1871

1872 - Public School Committee
A meeting of this almost forgotten committee, fell through again. It is a pity that so promising a body of gentlemen should not exhibit more vitality on so important a matter. A public school is sadly wanted, and we believe if the movement was carried out energetically, that a school-house would soon be adorning one of the many pleasant hills situated around the town.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 50, 27 January 1872

1872 - Public School
After an unusual delay, it is intended to take immediate steps for the erection of suitable school building, plans of which are now being prepared, and in a few weeks we hope to be able to chronicle a commencement of this necessary local institution. The sum of £150 has been collected.
...
The necessity for such a school is, we think, apparent to all who desire to the rising generations education. On this goldfield there are hundreds of children who have never attended school. It is intended to immediately take steps for the erection of suitable school buildings. Plans are now being prepared.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 56, 28 February 1872

1872 - [ADVERTISEMENT]
New School - Miss E. Richard - Begs respectfully to inform the parents of Gulgong that she has Opened A Girls’ School in the Church of England Building (pending the erection of suitable school premises) where a Sound English Education will be imparted. As it is not her intention to receive boys, parents may feel assured that every attention will be paid to the education of the Girls entrusted to her care.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 60, 13 March 1872
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 60, 13 March 1872

1872 - New School - Miss E. Richard
Begs respectfully to inform the parents of Gulgong that she has Opened A Girls’ School in the Church of England Building [pending the erection of suitable school premises] where a Sound English Education will be imparted. As it is not her intention to receive boys, parents may feel assured that every attention will be paid to the education of the Girls entrusted to her care.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 60, 13 March 1872

1872 - [HIGH SCHOOL]
In 1872, Mr and Mrs EH Simmons opened a High School in the Sons of Temperance Hall.

1872 - Public School
A meeting to be held at Selff’s Long Room on Tuesday evening next. We hope to see a large attendance, the necessary application for the school had been signed by the parents of over 300 children.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 63, 23 March 1872

1872 - Public School
Has been gazetted and approved by the council, the money collected for the school must be given to the
council.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 69, 13 April 1872

1872 - Public School 
We notice by the Government Gazette that the application for the establishment of a public school on Gulgong has been received from the Council by the Hon. Sec., asking that the ground chosen for the site of the school should have the boundaries clearly described, so as to expedite its alienation, and it being vested in the Council. Any money must be transferred to the Council.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 69, 13 April 1872

1872 - Tenders
4 school desks to be made of colonial pine. Full particulars apply to Mr. James Dillon.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 71, 20 April 1872

1872 - EDITORIAL
The necessity that exists on this goldfield for a Public School is a social want generally admitted, one that many anxious parents have been hoping would be provided for, but up to date they have not been gratified. It is, we confess, a matter for surprise that such a local institution does not exist, especially when it is remembered the many hundreds of children that are on the goldfield who never attend a school, and who are, it must be presumed, growing up in ignorance and vice.
Some months ago a large committee was appointed to take the initiatory steps for the establishment of a Public School. The usual speeches were made and resolutions passed. A secretary and treasurer were appointed, and subscription lists issued. We believe the treasurer and one or two others have canvassed for subscriptions, and that about 80 pounds is now to the credit of the "Public School Fund." This is a truly miserable result from so promising a beginning and has dampened the ardour of the few who were enthusiastic in carrying out the movement to a successful issue. It would perhaps be difficult to state exactly who is to blame for this failure. If we said that the committee as a whole were blamable, we would in a general way be correct, for certain it is that every member is accountable for the success of the movement. We have heard it stated that the poverty of the goldfield renders it im-possible that the amount required - a paltry two hundred pounds - can be raised. It is absurd and really irritating to hear the want of energy of the committee "whitewashed" by such an untruthful assertion. We have no hesitation in saying that if half-a-dozen working members of the committee took the matter up earnestly that in one month more than double the amount required would be raised for if people cannot subscribe largely they will aid according to their means in any entertainment's "got up" in the aid of the fund. Perambulating one of our streets for a few hours soliciting subscriptions, and then making no further effort, is not the way to raise money even in a prosperous community. The effort must be continuous until successes is attained. No such word as "fail" should be heard or acknowledged. We suggest that a full meeting of the committee should be at once convened, and the result of its labours made known, and the proprietary of resigning its formation. We believe a new committee of six would be better than the present number, sufficient to inject new life into the movement, public confidence restored, and the establishment of a Public School become an accomplished fact.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 75, 4 May 1872

1872 - Public School.
What has become of the public school movement initiated so promisingly many months ago? Has it like all other movements for mental improvements of the habitants gone dead, or only suffering from catalepsy? As such a school is one of the greatest wants of the goldfield, it would perhaps be wise to convene a meeting of the committee, and learn what the result of its labours has been. The school ought to have been erected and opened by this time; but as yet the site has only been chosen. Perhaps the most amusing feature in this movement is that a bachelor is the most energetic of the committee.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 90, 26 June 1872

1872 - Public School
We would call special attention to the amateur performance that takes place on Friday evening in the Prince of Wales Theatre in aid of the public school fund. In our advertising columns the cast of the programme will be found, and from it the public can judge whether they will not have a pleasant evening's amusement. As all the amateurs are well known, we doubt not their friends of both sexes will be anxious to secure tickets to see them make their debut. We would suggest an alteration, and that is that the two shillings seats the abolished, as the don‘t sell. By extending the three shilling seats more money and comfort will be secured, and less complaints of crowding be heard. We can cordially and sincerely recommend all who can afford to witness the performance to go, and so help the school and amuse themselves at the same time.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 100, 31 July 1872

1872 - Public School
There is at last every likelihood that a Public School on Gulgong will soon be an accomplished fact. When the very profitable result of the kind efforts of the gentlemen who gave the amateur theatrical entertainment a few evenings ago, places the matter beyond doubt. We are sure that all who have the welfare of the rising generation at heart, who pity the neglected mental condition in which it is being allowed to grow up, must feel grateful at the success that attended the amateurs. The condition of the goldfields with regard to schools has been most deplorable. Although hundreds of children are available to attend school, no person of educational attainment, or even moral character, calculated to inspire general confidence, has undertaken the duties of a school teacher on Gulgong. Many have tried to earn a livelihood by teaching when they had failed at almost every other means of living. Some whose mental capabilities are of an order in keeping with their moral propensities, have, by reason of exceptional causes, been more successful than others in eking out a living by teaching the young. We know of many parents who refuse to send their children to such "dens," to be contaminated by the filthy and indecent language and behaviour that is rampant in them. It is dangerous for female children to attend them for many reasons, owing to the want of classification and order. A suitable public school will remedy this.
A site central and remote from the busy portion of the town, has been chosen. On it, and an early date, we hope to see erected school buildings, containing all the latest improvements and appliances for teaching, presided over by teachers of proved competency and character, to whose care parents can with confidence, commit their children at all times.
We believe it is intended to ask the Honourable Henry Parkes to visit here to lay the foundation stone of the Public School. If the author of the Public Schools Act - the noblest legislation that is to be found in the statute book - could spare the time from his onerous public duties to visit Gulgong, the trip would be productive of benefit in more ways than one. The day of the ceremony would be a gala day, and a hearty respectful welcome would, we are sure, be tended to Mr Parkes. More money is required to enable commodious buildings to be erected, and as another effort will probably be made to thoroughly canvass the goldfield for further subscriptions, we hope all who can, will readily respond to the appeal made to provide a Public School worthy of the leading goldfield of the Colony.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 103, 10 August 1872

1872 - [TENDERS]
Tenders are being called for the erection of a public school at Guntawang. We wonder when tenders will be called for the erection of a school at Gulgong. Some months have passed since a plan was sent to the Council of Education for approval, but we have not heard whether it has been accepted, rejected or dealt with in any manner.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 108, 28 August 1872

1872 - CORRESPONDENCE - PUBLIC SCHOOL
Sir, Can you inform me when we are likely to have a Public School erected on Gulgong? Many months ago a meeting was held at which a committee was appointed. Subscriptions lists were issued and I believe about £80 collected. A number of gentlemen kindly gave an amateur performance which obtained over £40 and I hear that the above amount has been remitted to the Council of Education. Now what I want to know is, cannot the inhabitants by some means wither by a letter numerously signed or by resolution passed at a public meeting urge the Council the necessity that exists for the establishment of their school. Mr. Parkes thinks the Public School’s Act a piece of legislation to be proud of. But whether it is that he is no longer a member of the Council or that a general order is issued to all the public departments to snub Gulgong, I know not; but certain it is that every representation from this goldfield is treated with contempt. Probably in a year or two the school will be erected when its usefulness will be less apparent that it would if now in existence. I do not blame the committee in any way, I merely ventilate the subject with a hope that some steps will be taken to stir up the Council to see some visible sign of progress.
Yours respectfully
A Parent
[A Parent ventilates a grievance much felt on Gulgong. The fault of the delay rests entirely with the Council of Education, who appear to have got thoroughly bound up in red tape. ED. G.G.]
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 119, 5 October 1872

1872 - EDITORIAL
Our readers in common with ourselves have noticed that at the opening of every public school, as reported by the press, that if there is any public demonstration the various newspapers indulge in a gushing outburst on the many unmixed blessings which have been conferred on the rising generation by the passing of the Public Schools Act. While making every allowance for the excitement that usually prevails at such gatherings, we cannot but think that speakers diverge from the region of fact and indulge in a little "high falutin" scarcely justifiable by experience. We fully admit that this statute has been one of the most useful and beneficial that has been placed on the statute books of the Colony for years. It has created a wonderful change for the better in the system of public education of the Colony, and it is calculated to be the means of imparting a sound secular education, practical and useful in tendency, and laying the foundation of liberal and enlightened views by which the recipients become better men and women, more free from sectarian animosities than if educated in purely sectarian schools. A system of public education capable of achieving such a result is worthy of support as a priceless boon to the people of a young nation, and should be guarded with a jealous care in order that the administration of the system does not become non-progressive.
While Mr Parkes was a member and President of the Council of Education, the Act was administered on the whole satisfactory, with promptitude and liberality. Since the retirement of Mr Parkes from the council there has been a marked change in the administration of its affairs. There has been complaints innumerable of the unnecessary delay in creating schools - of a partiality in dealing with complaints - and of illiberality in subsidising schools. There must be some foundation in truth for these charges; in fact, judging from the experience furnished by the manner in which the application for the establishment of a public school on Gulgong has been dealt with, we think that this important sub-department is fast drifting into the non-progressive routine of official red-tapism. Nearly a year ago a public meeting was held at which a committee of business men and miners was appointed to take the necessary steps for the immediate establishment of a public school on this goldfield. The committee was not so energetic as it should or could have been, but it has not been negligent by any means. The usual formal application was forwarded to the Council in accordance with the provisions of their regulations. By request a plan and specification for a school prepared by the local committee was forwarded for approval many months ago, but up to date no notice has been taken of the plan further than that it was not approved of. No amended plan has been furnished, or in fact any further information given as to what the Council intends doing. No communication has been received from this august body for months passed, and from appearances the probability of a public school being established here is very small. No intelligible explanation can be obtained as to the cause of this delay; and, indeed, the only feasible one appears that the name of Gulgong is a tabooed one in official circles, and unless under strong compulsion, nothing requiring money, or that would exhibit the least sign of progress, must be done for the goldfield. The history of the goldfield from its discovery down to the present date proves the truth of this assertion.
It may, and doubtless at an early date will, be asserted that no unnecessary delay has taken place in dealing with the application for the Public School. But admitting that the Council is blameless, we are strongly of opinion that if greater promptitude cannot be exercised in establishing schools on goldfields, it is time that a reform was initiated. If the body in whom is vested the administration of the Public School system cannot display more energy, they should be quickly called on to make room for better men. It is simply disgraceful that the centre of a population of seven thousand inhabitants should be left in such a demoralising state of mental destitution. Hundreds of children are now roaming at large on the goldfield, growing up in ignorance, and becoming prematurely acquainted with vice and wickedness, who, if adequate educational facilities existed, would be at school learning those mental precepts that would help to fit them to cope with the world and fight the battle of life on less unequal terms than their existing aimless life is likely to favour them with. Whatever may be the cause of delay, it is imperative that it should be at once removed, and that some visible sign of giving effect to the application for a Public School should be afforded to the subscribers to the School Building Fund. If the Council does not intended to build a school, let the money be returned to the local committee, who we are sure will, on appealing to the inhabitants, be able to carry out the intention of having a large first-class school speedily opened on Gulgong.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 120,12 October 1872

1872 - Public School
The following letter has been received by Mr. B. Stacy the Hon. Treasurer of the Provisional School Committee for the Council of Education Sydney, October 1st, 1872.
Sir, With reference to your letter dated 28th ult. In which you inquire what steps have been taken towards erecting a building for Public School purposes in Gulgong, I am directed by the Council of Education to acquaint you that the plans of the proposed school building are in course of preparation. I am, however, to intimate that the site of the proposed school has not yet been granted by the Government. I have the honour to be, sir your most obedient servant.
W. Wilkins, Secretary.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 123,19 October 1872

1872 - Public School
Our readers might have come to do the conclusion that the idea a Public School for this goldfield has been abandoned by its promoters. Such, however, is not the facts. The idea is still alive and we think we may say that it has at last become a reality. At the suggestion of Mr O'Byrne, the District Inspector of Schools, who made a visit to Gulgong, a hurried meeting of the provisional school committee was held on Monday evening last, at Selff's Hotel, to consider and approve of a plan for the school building, prepared by the architect of the Council of Education and recently received from him.
The building will be of brick. The design shows a boys school room 42 x 17 feet with a classroom 24 x 17 feet off it. The girls school is a similar dimension and parallel to it. The two are joined together by the infant school 22 x 6 x 17 feet with a verandah 6 feet deep in front. The walls are 12 feet high; lavatories are attached to each school, 15 feet x 6 feet. The roof is to be of iron ore shingles, possibly the former, so as to provide a suitable supply of water for school purposes. The estimated cost is £490. The number of scholars provided for is 277. After a short discussion the plan was approved of, and the Secretary was instructed to write an energetic letter to the Secretary of the Council requesting that the arrangements for the immediate election of the school should be pushed forward. As the amount forwarded to the Council (£123) was not sufficient to cover the amount of the local contribution required for the plan - namely, one third its cost, three members of the committee - Messrs Young, Selff, and Jones - advanced £60 , in order that no delay should occur on that point. It will therefore be seen that there is at last a hope that before the New Year comes in, the foundation stone will be laid. 
It is intended we believe to ask his Excellency the Governor to lay the stone, and if he cannot do so to ask the Premier. We trust now that parents will soon have an opportunity of sending their children to a well conducted school presided over by trained teachers, and they will see the propriety of contributing liberally, and thus aid the efforts of the committee in completing the school in every detail free from debt. If the committee was properly organised and used even ordinary energy we venture to say that £500 could easily be raised on Gulgong for the completion of the school. As it is nearly a year ago since the provisional committee was formed we would suggest that a meeting be called to reorganise it, as several members of it has left the district, and we doubt if it is known who the members of it are. New blood is wanted, and must be added to save its life.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 128, 6 November 1872

1872 - MUDGEE DISTRICT.
INSPECTOR’S General Report upon the condition of the Schools, for the year 1872.
I have the honor to submit, for the information of the Council of Education, my report of the schools  inspected, the teachers examined, and the general working of the Public Schools Act in the Mudgee District during the year 1872. In January the district contained forty schools.
...
The following goldfields are within the district: —Hill End, Tambaroora, Ironbarks, Upper Turon, Hargraves, Mudgee, Burrangong, Merrendee, and Gulgong. In all of these places, excepting the last three, the means of education are supplied to a greater or less extent by existing schools. At Gulgong, although a large population has been settled there for more than two years, a Public School remains yet 
to be provided. Had one been in existence, over 300 pupils would have been receiving education in it during the past two years. It is true that several private schools are in existence, but these, at best, afford
only very indifferent means of education. I visited some of these schools; in one, I found about thirty-five pupils assembled in a tent, which afforded sitting room for about eight persons; standing room was out of the question. The furniture was slabs fixed on logs, and the children wrote with copy-books and slates on their knees. The day was hot, and there was no ventilation, save through the door of the tent. What with the heat and the vitiated state of the air the place was intolerable. To my mind it would be better to allow these children to develop their physical powers in pure and open air than to have both mind and body stunted in a place like that, under the false impression that they are being educated. This is perhaps an extreme case, but there are others of these venture schools little better. I have referred to this matter to show the necessity of more prompt measures in dealing with the wants of the “diggings.”
The history of the establishment of schools on gold-fields would, in my opinion, point to the necessity of making some alteration in the mode of proceeding with regard to them. The action is generally too slow, often waiting till the field is nearly worked out and the population diminishing. And when the school is established, it sometimes occurs that the course of discovery draws the population from the original centre, leaving the school isolated, and consequently poorly attended.. Windeyer and Ironbarks are examples of this, —good schoolhouses but not centrally situated. Population collects on these fields with great rapidity; everyone is engrossed with his own affairs; everything has to be commenced, and anything like general, organization for providing a school seems out of the question. The idea uppermost in each man’s mind is, “Here to-day, away to-morrow.” In the meantime the children run wild, and grow up uneducated. In view of these circumstances, I am of opinion that it would be attended with great public benefit, if a portion of the fees for miners’ rights, leases, and business licenses on these gold-fields were set apart for the purpose of providing school buildings. In this way the local quota required could at once be obtained and a school placed on the ground nearly as soon as the public-house or theatre. I am further of opinion that the buildings ought nut to be costly, as there is no guarantee that they will be permanently needed. Wooden houses, on the American plan, easily taken to pieces, and shifted, are, I think, worth a trial. I am borne out in this opinion by several intelligent persons with whom I have discussed the matter. If a plan of this sort existed, useful schools might now be in operation at Gulgong, Home Rule, Canadian, Lower Turon, Buckenbah, Burrangong, and Merrendee. The local quota is the point at which all stick.
Source: Report of the Council of Education upon the condition of the public schools. 1872

1873 - [NEW YEAR]
Though today is New Year’s Day we cannot help commencing the New Year with a growl over a long standing grievance, especially as it is one that we think almost every parent on the goldfields is of our way of thinking. We refer to the delay of the Council of Education in proceeding with the building of the Public School. Nearly a year has elapsed since the application signed by the parents of over four hundred children was forwarded to the council asking that a Public School might be at once established. Its receipt was acknowledged and after month’s delay a lengthy list of queries as to the price of bricks and timber, line etc., was received and promptly answered. Six months elapsed and after repeated applications as to whether it was at all intended to build a school a letter was received that more monies must be locally raised - about £60. This sum three members of the Provisional Committee very kindly advanced at once and it was remitted by the Treasurer. This was about the end of October, since then not a line as to the intentions of the Council has been received. It is convincingly clear that the recent action of Mr. Forster with reference to the administration of the Public School Act was justified by the manner in which council performed it responsible duties.
The exposures made during the debate fully accounts for the action of Mr. Parkes in appointing himself a member of the Council for to our mind the Act was in danger of being perverted from its broad secular tendencies to an instrument of denominational tyranny. We do not know whether Gulgong has a black mark opposite to it in the Council’s list of proposed schools, but this we do know that localities from which applications were received after Gulgong, have their school buildings now ready for use. If the Secretary who is periodically whitewashed in the columns of the Herald as a most valuable officer and an administration genius – in fact, the main-spring of the Act – had even a crude conception of the urgent necessity that exists for the establishment of a Public School on Gulgong, he would by his actions prove more clearly that he is deserving of the whitewash so thickly laid on by the journal managed by a member of the Council.
We are glad to learn that our grievance has been laid before Mr. Parkes, who as the reputed author of the Act and the most intelligent and active administrator of it when he was President of the Council, will at once comprehend the grievance. If he does not apply a remedy, there will be no resource left but to bring it before the Assembly. [Remainder too faded to copy]
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 144, 1 January 1873

1873 - Public School
Fresh tenders on amended specifications have been called for the erection of the Public School to be sent in not later than 12th April, thus, creating more delay. There appears to be a fatality about this movement, for the Committee has been in existence since February 1872 and no sign of a school. The delay can scarcely be attributed to the Committee, but rather to the Council of Eduction which occupied
over six months in preparing a simple plan and specification. When the plan was approved of the tenders were not and then tenders were called for in Sydney and now they are called for here – let us hope this is the last time. The amended specifications and plan can be seen as usual at the office of Mr. Donaldson, C.P.S.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 168, 28 March 1873

1873 - [NEW SCHOOL]
New Girls School to be opened at Church Hill by Miss. E. Lauchlan, in the premises know as Dr. Ramsay Cottage, Church Hill at the back of the Catholic Church. We cordially recommend this school as a means of having a sound education imparted to their girls by a competent teacher.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 180, 7 May 1873


Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 181, 10 May 1873

1873 - New School
It will be seen by an advertisement columns that on Monday next Mrs. and Miss Macnamara intend opening a select private school in Herbert Street, Gulgong where the upmost attention will be paid to pupils who may favour this education establishment with their patronage. A private school where a superior education can be imparted has been an acknowledged necessity on Gulgong and now that it is proposed to establish one, we have no doubt that it will receive a fair share.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 197, 5 July 1873

1873 - Select Private School
Mrs. And Miss Macnamara Begs to inform the Inhabitants of Gulgong that they will open a New School on Monday next the 7th, in the premises lately occupied by Mr. J. Hunter, Herbert Street.
BOARDING HOUSE
Superior Private Board and Residence at Mrs. Macnamara’s Herbert Street opposite the Belmore Hotel [late Mr. J. Hunter’s residence].
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 197, 5 July 1873

1873 - [ADVERTISEMENT]
Select Private School
Herbert Street
[opposite the Belmore Hotel]
Conducted by Mrs. & Miss MacNamara
Source: GULGONG MINER, 29 November 1873

1873 - THE PUBLIC SCHOOL.
The building now in course of erection near Mr. Aldridge's paddock, for the purpose of a Public School, is rapidly approaching completion, and when finished, will be the principal and most commodious in the district The dimensions are as follows:- Boys' and girls' schoolrooms, each 42 feet by 17 feet; classrooms, 17 feet by 12 feet; infants' room, 23 feet by 17 feet. The walls at 11 feet in height in the clear. The work is being performed in a highly satisfactory manner by Mr. Charles Sillington, the contractor. The plans were prepared by the architect to the Council of Education, and Mr. Hartley, our local architect, has the superintendence of the work. The stonework and plates are fine specimens of rouble masonry, showing how well the stone procurable in the immediate neighbourhood would do for the purposes of building churches and other public buildings particularly where durability and architectural beauty are required.
Source: Australian Town and Country Journal (Sydney, NSW : 1870 - 1919) Sat 22 Nov 1873 Page 7

1874 - [SCHOOL FETE]
Public School Fete on Easter Monday
J. P. Plunkett Hon. Sec. Public School Fete
School Fete Committee— B. Stacey, C. Young, c. Bird, H. Farr, J. Bowes, A. P. Stewart, A. W. Honour, W. Craigen. W. Booth, P. O’Neill, J. Scully, S. Samper, J. Powell, T. A. Browne, J. Hunter, Geo. Stott, R. Collins, Jno. Hill. E. Thomas, J. Trounce, J. Sellman, W. Selff, W. Wesley, W. Thompson, H. Rossiter, C. B. Cairnes, R. Jones, J. H. Cogdon, A. J. Allan, W. Binder, E. Finch, T. B. Scurrah, J. McDonald, C. Baker, C. Driscoll, S. Green, H. J. Woods, L. S. Donaldson, G. D. Lang, T. Nightingale, J. Deitz, N. Langdon, S.S. Moses, J. H. Haydon, C. Cassell, T. Mills, A. McCulloch, G. E. Shettle, R. Graham. H. K. White
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, March 24, 1874

1874 - [SCHOOL ITEMS]
Editorial—On the school system—It is satisfactory to know that the Public School system of the country is gaining favour with various denominations and we may safely record the belief that in a very few years’ time all opposition to it will have ceased. There are in Gulgong about four hundred names of children on the public school roll. But what of all the rest who are running wild about our streets picking up evil instead of good.

Serious Accident—a boy named Coveny aged about 14 years was mounting a horse at his father’s yard near the National School, when the animal bucked and reared, throwing him, Dr Bennett was called.

Public School—There is still a debt on the building of this school, and it very desirable that the debt be cleared as soon as possible
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, March 24, 1874

1874 - Public School Fete
We remind our readers that the Fete in aid of the Public School fund will come off at the Race Course on Easter Monday.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, April 2, 1874

1874 - Inauguration of Public School
Prince of Wales Opera House, Easter Monday [under the distinguished patronage of the Offers and Brethren of the Abbotsford Lodge of Free and Accepted masons, the Parents and Guardians of the Pupils and the Public generally].
H. Walker, Family Butcher, Herbert Street.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, April 2, 1874

1874 - Public School Fete
John Hunter purchased the Grand Stand Booth, second by John Hill. There will be Trotting Races and the usual foot races.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, April 4, 1874

1874 - Public School Fete 
Yesterday was the gala day at Gulgong, at 9 a.m. the scholars attending the school were marshalled, there were 250 children, and these formed into a procession. The procession marched through the principal streets of the town accompanied by a band, they then proceeded to the race course were the sports day was held. Edward Ryan won the 150 yard dash with young Lyons second. The trotting match in buggies twice around the track was competed for by three well appointed turnouts. Miss Alice Saunders won the skipping contest. Master Brigden won the aged race for 16 year olds and young Courtis a good second. The compulsory handicapped race for the committee members was won by H. Woods with Jno Macdonald second, everyone thought Mr. Sellman should have had 60 yards start.

Cricket Match—Married versus Single
Amongst the other sports during the Public School Fete, there was a cricket match played between the married and singles men on the race course. The playing was very good and the top scorer was presented with a bat in the evening at the Prince of Wales Opera House by the P.M. It will be seen by the following score that the married gentlemen retain their muscle and came out of the contest victors.
[scores not reproduced here]
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, April 7, 1874

1874 - Home Rule Band 
We understand this band without solicitation came to Gulgong on Easter Monday and gave their services gratuitously at the school fete which last the whole day. Afterwards they went to Home Rule and played there also gratuitously for the concert for the Catholic School.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, April 9, 1874

1874 - The Public School
We are glad to be able to state that financially as well as socially the fete and amateur entertainment for the public school funds was a very great success. After paying all expenses, the result is a balance of one hundred and three pound, three shillings and six pence, seventy three pounds, nine shillings and six pence of which net proceeds of the fete and twenty nine pounds, fourteen shillings that of the amateur performance. There is still a debt of one hundred and three pounds on the school.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, April 11, 1874

1874 - [ACCIDENT]
I regret to hear that Mr. Stephens, of the Congregational School teachers of this town, met with a severe accident on Saturday. His horse reared and falling over backwards crushed and bruised his rider. One who saw the mishap says it was a miraculous escape as he fully expected Mr. Stephens was killed, I am informed the patient keeps his bed and that it will be some time before he recovers from the effect of his violent shaking.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, April 14, 1874

1874 - [Catholic School Inspection]
Yesterday Messrs. O’Byrne and Allpass, Inspectors of Schools under the Board of National Education, paid an official visit to the Roman Catholic Denominational School in Medley Street, to consider the report of the application made to the trustees of the school to have it converted into a vested institution under the National Board. There were in attendance about a hundred and thirteen scholars under the superintendence of Mr. and Miss Copas. The appearance of the school was most orderly and neat and the inspector made a minute examination, the result of which will not be known till their report has been furnished to head quarters.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, April 18, 1874

1874 - The Public School
There are now about 430 names on the roll of the Public School, although of course the attendance does not reach that number. Perhaps in no public school in the country does the general appearance of the scholars present so favourable aspect. They are neat in their dress, orderly in their manners and quick in their intelligence. They have made wonderful progress under the excellent system of teaching that is adopted. But we are not exactly satisfied with the building. It will certainly be very close within in the summer and more verandah accommodation is therefore highly desirable. The planting, too, of a number of evergreen trees would both ornament the grounds and afford agreeable shelter to the children while at their games. But all this requires money and there is none to spare. Indeed there is still a considerable balance to pay up and till that is liquidated we cannot hope for any extensive improvements. To the teachers the public are largely indebted for the benefits already derived from the establishment of this institution. It is a credit to the town and no patronage that may be bestowed upon it can be at all too liberal.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, April 18, 1874

1874 -ANNIVERSARY 
Wesleyan Sabbath School, Gulgong , May 31st
Rev. Mr. Youngman
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, May 5, 1874

1874 - [FUNDRAISER]
Grand Concert at the Prince of Wales Opera House a grand concert of vocal and instrumental music will be given by lady and gentlemen amateurs in aid of the funds for the improvement of the Catholic School Gulgong.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, May 5, 1874

1874 - [FUNDRAISER]
Tea Meeting was held in the Schoolroom, Glazier’s Paddock, last Friday on behalf of the Local School Fund, the room was decorated with flags, evergreens and artificial flowers. Nearly 100 guests attended. Mr. Garling, secretary deserves great praise as does Mrs. Frost the teacher at the school.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, August 4, 1874

1874 - Church of England School
We understand that Mr. Clarke, the superintendent of the Church of England Sunday School, is about to resign or has already resigned his position, and the teachers and scholars are making arrangements to present him with a testimonial.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, September 12, 1874

1874 - [FACTS AND PRINCIPLES]
Received We acknowledge the receipt of a pamphlet issued by the NSW Public School League, which contains a summary of the facts and principles inculcated by the league. We have also to hand the prospectus of the Church of England Education Defence Association.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, October 20, 1874

1874 - Wilbertree School 
The following gentlemen have been appointed by His Excellency the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, to constitute the Public School Board at the above place:- Messrs C. B. Lowe, J.P., C. H. Tuckerman, Peter Rogers, Peter Anderson, Edward Webb and Stephen Docwra.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, November 14, 1874

1874 - Education Question
A public meeting of persons favourable to the formation in Gulgong of a branch of the Public School League, which has for its object the establishment of Secular, Compulsory and Free national Education, will be held in the Congregational Church, Queen Street, on Tuesday next. The chair will be taken by Mr. John McLachlan and the Revs. Greenwood and Woolnough, as a deputation from Sydney, will address the meeting.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, November 14, 1874

1874 - Religious Instruction in Public Schools. 
The following circular has been sent to various Public School in the Colony:
November 16, 1874
Council of Education
Sir, I am directed by the Council of Education to request that you will furnish from the school records information as to the names and denominations of the clergymen who may have visited the school under your charge during the years 1872 and 1873 to impart special religious instruction, in accordance with the provisions of sec. 10 of the Public Schools’ Act, together with the number of visits paid by each clergyman for that purpose.
2. The Council further desires that you will state the number of children enrolled, and in actual attendance at the school on 5th October last, between the ages of 5 and 6, 6 and 13, and 13 and 15.
You should also report if there is a fourth class in the school, and if there was anything exceptional in the attendance on the day specified.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, November 26, 1874

1874 - Education League
Last night members of the Gulgong branch of the Education League met in the Temperance Hall and a considerable number of additional numbers were enrolled. Mr. Lang in the chair, the object of the Society was the reasons the advocacy of compulsory, secular and free education. The secretary, John McLachlan, read the list of members, about a hundred. The committee of management was appointed as follows:- Robert Robinson, John McDonald, Mark Smith, Mathew Homer, T. B. Scurrah, Edward Thomas and G. D. Lang.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, November 26, 1874

1874 - Our Public School
We understand that a meeting of the Public School Board held on the 20th. The attention of the Board was called to the fact that a considerable sum of money is owing to the teachers for school fees; individually these sums may be small but collectively the amount is of very great importance to the teachers. We are desired to state that although no child is refused admission to the school on account of inability to pay the fees, the Board may sue those parents who can pay but will not. At present the Board are not aware of the name of one single person who is in arrears, and they hope that this hint will be sufficient and that they will not be compelled to undertake the unpleasant duty of taking legal proceedings to recover these fees. 
It was also decided that on next Anniversary Day, January 26th, 1875, which is also the anniversary of the opening of the Public School, a grand fete and athletic sports will take place to reduce the debt of the building. A silver cup for an amateur foot race is talked of, and the committee intend to have a concert in the evening in which the school children will take part.
...
Public School Anniversary Fete
The following gentlemen are requested to meet at Selff’s Hotel, December 2nd, to make preliminary arrangements, Messrs. Selff, Young, Stacey, Plunkett, R. L. Jones, Binder and Hunter.
L. S. DONALDSON, Sec.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, November 26, 1874

1874 - [SCHOOL INSPECTIONS - MUDGEE DISTRICT]

Detailed Statement of the Condition of Schools in the Mudgee District, examined during the year 1874.

I. — PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
...
Gulgong (Boys —V.) : —General inspection, 16th and 17th July.
Numbers enrolled: —Boys, 69.
Numbers present: —Boys, 62.

This is a new school in excellent material condition, suitably furnished, and possessing a good supply of working materials. As I have found on other diggings, the punctuality and regularity cannot be commended. The general discipline may be regarded as fair; it would be better were it not for the inadequacy of the teaching staff. The prescribed subjects are taught; the classification is appropriate, the methods are intelligent, and the attainments tolerable.

Gulgong (Girls —V.): —General inspection, 20th and 21st July.
Number enrolled :—Girls, 71.
Number present: —Girls, 63.

In material condition and organization this school is similar to the boys department. About 70 per cent. of the pupils enrolled attend regularly; punctuality is bad. Cleanliness is satisfactory, and in other respects the discipline is passable. All the prescribed subjects are taught; the classification is pretty good; the instruction is properly regulated, and the methods, though not of high order, are industriously applied. The proficiency exceeds tolerable.

Gulgong (Infants —V.) :—General inspection, 17th and 21st July.
Numbers enrolled:—Boys, 44 ; girls, 25; total, 69.
Numbers present:—Boys, 36; girls, 22 ; total, 58.

The material condition of this school is excellent; it is fairly furnished, and well supplied with requisites for teaching. About five-eighths of the pupils enrolled attend regularly; punctuality is bad. The school presents a clean and tidy appearance. The general discipline may be stated as fair. All the subjects for an infants school are taught. Some minor defects are noticeable in the classification. The instruction is properly regulated, and the methods, which are suitable, are applied with fair zeal and industry. The attainments range from moderate to tolerable.

1875 - EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS
Mudgee District - Public Schools
  • Guntawang - A G Hamilton
  • Gulgong - H Farr
Mudgee District - Roman Catholic Schools
  • Gulgong - G Copas

1875 - School Fetes
Yesterday being the first day of the New Year, the children of the Congregational and Wesleyan Church both had picnics at different places. They did not agree to differ, but they agreed to enjoy themselves and they did so admirably. No city could form a better procession and well dressed and pretty children appeared in these two processions.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, January 2, 1875

1875 - Church of England
On New Year’s Day about 200 of the Sunday School children assembled at the church and headed by the Rev W S Newton and Mr Arrowsmith, superintendent, proceed to Wooden' Dam. The procession was livened by the band. At the dam the young folk enjoyed themselves at cricket, sack races, swinging and other games; and a number of kind friends came from the town to see the fun. After tea Rev Newton distributed 31 prizes and rewards to the scholars who had distinguished themselves by good conduct and Scriptural knowledge.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, January 2, 1875

1875 - An Idea
Costume cricket matches are much in vogue in Sydney and Melbourne and as they afford a good deal of harmless merriment, prove attractive. At the sports to be got up for the benefit of the Public School, on anniversary Day a costume cricket match would be a new feature in a Gulgong Programme and would probably help to swell the receipts.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, January 9, 1875

1875 - Anniversary Day 
Today being the anniversary of the Foundation of the Colony was celebrated by a grand fete at Homer’s paddock, the proceeds of which are to be devoted to the clearing of the debt on the Public School. A full report of the cricket match and sports will appear in our next issue.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, January 9, 1875

1875 - Public School League
A meeting of members will be held at Binder’s Star Hotel on Friday next by order of the Management Committee. JOHN McLAGHLAN, Hon Sec
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, March 23, 1875

1875 - [UARBRY SCHOOL]
Tenders will be received up to May 14 for the erection of a Public School and Teachers Residence at Uarbry. Further information from the Hon Sec JOHN WESLEY Uarbry
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, May 13, 1875

1875 - Fire Incident
On Thursday night, at about 11 pm, the Public School was discovered to be on fire. It appears that a stick of wood was left standing in the fire place when closed for the night. This wood burnt off at the end and fell over on to the floor. The light was seen through the window by a neighbour, and, there being an abundance of water in the tanks, the fire was soon extinguished, doing very little damage.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, June 19, 1875

1875 - Correction
In regard to the report on the fire at the Public School, we are happy to state that the only foundation for the report was that a stick of wood left in the grate when the school was closed blazed up during the evening, and attracted the attention of the neighbours. Everything was perfectly safe and there was no chance for any damages to be done by the fire.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, June 24, 1875

1875 - Education
The subject of educating children commanded much attention and every means afforded for the object. This has been a common feature upon every goldfield opened in the colonies. There are now two schools the cost of which are supplemented by Government appropriation, and two others supported by contributions from tuition. The public school under the superintendence of Mr Farr, has been in existence about two years and the number of children attending has averaged five hundred. Mr Farr is a thoroughly qualified gentleman and has accomplished assistants. The school house is located in a healthy place. The Catholic School is situated in the northern brow of the hill reaching to the town. It is under the charge of Mr and Mrs George Copins. This has about the same number of scholars attending as the Public School. There are other schools in the town that deserve mention than appears in our advertising columns. We allude to ‘Carlton Cottage’ and the one recently opened by Mr Parker.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, August 7, 1875

1875 - [ADVERTISEMENT]
Parker’s School - A Vacancy for a few Day Scholars. Medley Street opposite the Court House.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, August 7, 1875

1875 - Thanks
The Librarian of the Church of England Sunday School gives thanks for the donations given for the purchase of new books.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, September 25, 1875

1875 - Notice 
Tenders will be received up to the 15th instant for the erection of INFANT’S GALLERY, DESKS etc., R C School, Gulgong. Plans to be seen at Mr McDonough’s Queen Street. By order of the Board. C DRISCOLL, Hon Sec
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, October 9, 1875

1875 - ADVERTISEMENT
Night School will be opened on Monday next, by the undersigned.
A Sound English Education guaranteed. Night attendance Monday, Wednesday and Friday, 7 till 9pm. Terms may be arranged.
THOMAS L ROSS next to Brown and Co’s Store, Herbert Street.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, November 20, 1875

1875 - ADVERTISEMENT
Day & Night School - Carlton Cottage - Bayly Street - Pianoforte Taught
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, Almanac 1876

1876 - [EDUCATION]
The difficulties surrounding a scheme of compulsory education are so many and various that it would occupy much space and time to enumerate them. The advocates of the measure are, no doubt, sincere in their desire to perfect and educational code that would be the ne plus ultra of reform. Acceding that the leaders of the League are actuated by the best intentions, we would ask them for a solution of a difficulty that has recently occurred in the management of the Public School here. 
We learn that it has been reported to the local board that a girl, named Margaret Hong, the daughter of a Chinaman and a European mother, and who recently preferred a charge for an indecent assault against a young man named Hopkins, for which he was tried and convicted at the last Court of Quarter Session at Mudgee, and sentenced to two years imprisonment the age of the girl being under 12 years, is a pupil at the Public School. We are at present unacquainted with her history, but presume that her home surroundings are of a low and vicious kind, [we do not say this is the case.] The parents of the girl have sent her to the Public School and the local board have been called upon to consider the propriety of expelling her on the ground that her example is injurious to the other pupils and the proper discipline of the school.
We do not know what action the board are likely to take in the matter. We will take another opportunity to comment on that; but suppose a compulsory law in operation, and John Chinaman’s daughter expelled, would the father be liable to pains and penalties for not sending his daughter to school, when her admittance there was prohibited! Or suppose the power of expulsion not to exist under the contemplated law and infantile depravity mixed and mingled in our schools with the virtuous and good, would a combination of guilt and innocence contribute to the moral advancement of the rising generation? And again, suppose them to be isolated—how the condemned forms would be looked down upon, and their classification, either in the playground or school, be a subject for remark and opprobrium! ‘Suffer little children to some unto me and forbid them not—for of such is the kingdom of heaven.’ This was the doctrine of a divine Christian Teacher. What would the league inculcate? Shall we suffer wicked children to come or shall we expel them? We are curious to learn!
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, January 15, 1876

1876 - Public School 
An alteration in the management and working of this institution has taken place during the week. The attendance of pupils having considerable decreased, the council decided upon amalgamating the boys’ and girls’ departments and placing them under the guidance of Mr Herbert Farr, transferring Mrs Pownell to the Infants’ room and removing Miss Pyne to another locality. We have no doubt that the change will be attended with beneficial results both to teacher and pupils.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, January 19, 1876

1876 - Public School
We understand that considerable alterations are about being made in the Public School building, so as to make arrangements for the master Mr H Farr and his family to reside upon the premises. The work will commenced at once.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, February 26, 1876

1876 - [FUNDRAISING]
Roman Catholic School Gulgong
A Grand Tea meeting & Reunion will take place at Mrs Powell’s Large Room on the evening of May 24, Queen’s Birthday
Proceeds to be devoted to the paying off the debt and repairing the above school.
By Order of the Committee.
C DRISCOLL Sec
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, April 29, 1876

1876 - Catholic Tea Meeting
Her Majesty the Queen’s birthday was celebrated by a grand tea party; a concert and dance was also held in connection with the Roman Catholic School, held in the large room at Mrs Powell’s Hotel, the attendance was very good. The following ladies presided over the tables etc; Mesdames Driscoll, McGrath, Powell, Gallen, Kelly, Booth, Hunter, J Driscoll, Copas, and Misses Whelan, McGrath and O’Neill. O’Neill brothers gave every satisfaction as the caterers. Entertainment was rendered by Mrs. J Driscoll, Mr G Copas, Master MacNamara. Mr Russell, Mrs Huey and Mr J Deihl.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, May 27, 1876

1876 - Mr George Copas
A few evenings ago a meeting of the friends of the above gentleman was held at McGrath’s Hotel for the purpose of presenting him with an address and testimonial prior to his departure from Gulgong. Father Meade read the address which stated that the recipient is well deserving the tribute of praise accorded to him for during his management of the R C School he had under his care children of both sexes, various ages, and all denominations. His attention to his young scholars is a household word in Gulgong and has been acknowledged by all classes. Mr Copas was one of the leaders of the choir in the Catholic Church where his fine voice was duly appreciated. His had also on many occasions assisted in performances given for charitable purposes.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, June 21, 1876

1876 - Roman Catholic School Gulgong
The duties of the above School will be resumed on Monday Next, July 10.
M F MOLLOY Teacher.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, July 8, 1876

1876 - Mr Molloy
We notice with pleasure the arrival of Mr Molloy from Young as teacher of the Gulgong Catholic School. On Monday last he took charge of the school where there were present a large number of intelligent children. During the course of the day the local board with the Rev J O’Donovan visited the school and they were much pleased with Mr Molloy’s system of imparting instruction to the little ones. Those who Mr Molly prepared for the civil service and other examinations passed with credit; and to judge from his popularity at Young whether as teacher or citizen from the flattering address presented to him on the eve of his departure.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, July 8, 1876

1876 - Notice
Tenders will be received up to 8pm on December 2, for pulling down and removal to Catholic Church ground of the premises lately occupied by Mrs KEENAN and the erection of School and Teacher’s Residence. Plans and specifications to be seen at Messrs O’Neill Bros. Queen Street.
C DRISCOLL Hon Sec.
Source: GULGONG EVENING ARGUS, July 8, 1876

1878 - Catholic Education the Diocese of Bathurst
In 1878 the Catholic primary school in Gulgong had 106 pupils attending. The school was "certified under the Council of Education". In other towns the schools were under the Sisters of Mercy or the Sisters of St Joseph.
A non-certified school, under lay teachers, operated at Home Rule with an attendance of 40 pupils.

1880 - Diocese of Bathurst
Local schools under secular teachers in the Bathurst Diocese
  • Goolma - 38
  • Gulgong, mixed - 161
  • Home rule - 45

1880 - BISHOP'S VISIT
Gulgong—His Lordship arrived at Gulgong on Friday, the 13th ult., and was met some distance from town by a very numerous body of persons of every rank of society. Within a mile of the town, a very large procession, comprising the school children carrying beautiful banners, and their parents, with many others of the general public, was awaiting his arrival...
Source: The Record. Vol. 4 No. 17 (1 September 1880)

1889 - [MINISTERIAL VISIT]
The Ministers for Education and Mines arrived this morning, having been driven from Biraganbill by Mr Richard Rouse. The Ministers were accompanied by Messrs R. Black and John Haines, Ms L A , and the Mayors of Mudgee and Cudgegong. The party was met at Guntawang by the principal residents of Gulgong, and escorted into the town. The visitors were taken first to Flirtation Hill, whence they obtained a splendid view of the district. Thence they were driven to the Public school where the board pointed out to the Ministers the necessity for erecting a new school, as the accommodation afforded by the present structure was insufficient, and the building situated on a damp site. Mr Carruthers delivered an address to the children. A half holiday was granted to the scholars. 

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