Saturday, June 19, 2021

BALLS

1900s_______________________________

First Ball held in Gulgong Town Hall.
Date unknown but thought to be after 1908 based on the flags.
Source: Libby Sills

 1910s_______________________________

TRILBY BALL
The Hospital ball at Messrs R. and J. Campbell's residence at Trilby on Friday evening last was a great success in every detail. There were about 70 couples present from all parts of the district, Cobbora, Tallewang. Cudgebegong. Slapdash, Gulgong and Canadian being well represented.
At 8.10 dancing commenced and was kept up without intermission till sunrise. Music was supplied by Messrs W. Allen and C. Stanley, while Messrs A. Scuter and C. Fuller fulfilled the arduous duties of Ms. C. There was a complete absence of anything rowdy and although each item on the programme had to be duplicated the best of good order and good humor prevailed.
At 11 o’clock refreshments were served in a large room adjoining the ballroom. So large was the attendance that only the 'better halves' of the dancers could find accommodation at the first sitting. The work of preparing the refreshments was carried out by Mrs. Robert Campbell and the Misses Campbell, and those present given every practical illustration of their appreciation of these ladies’ efforts in the catering line. Although the attendance was great there was enough and to spare. The business people of Gulgong very generously helped the affair along by donating provisions. The following is a list of their names, - Messrs. C R Young, W Ah Lum and Co, A E Brigden, Mrs. Girardier, CA Russell, L. C Naughton, R Brown and Co., W. Watt, Mrs Sharman. J Judge, W H Upham, A Wood, C Brett, and B Copeland.
The best thanks of the committee are due to the Messrs Campbell, Mrs R Campbell, and the Misses Campbell.
Source: Gulgong Advertiser, year unknown, from Barbara Gurney

1916____________________________________

A social at the Jackson Woolshed, 1916

Host: Mrs T Jackson née Elizabeth Taylor (married to Thomas Jackson).
Secretary: George WJ Jackson

1919________________________________


1926________________________________

The Movie Ball - Grandest Event Ever Held in Gulgong.
Popularly Acclaimed as a Huge Success.
The efforts to hold the first movie ball in Gulgong crowned with a magnificent attendance at the Pictoria Theatre on Tuesday evening last. One heard on all sides the warmest eulogies concerning its excellent management and the high tone of refinement, distinctiveness, brightness and popularity.
The event was termed the great est event of the season. And in deed it was. There was nothing left for patrons but to enjoy themselves. And this they did to the fullest extent. The event was acclaimed a huge success, and being an initial effort, reflected much credit on the hon. secretary (Mr. H. P. Woodhouse), Mr. H. A. Porter (who was responsible for many costumes being worn) and others concerned in it. Incidentally, the event added status to the town, more particularly because of the success attained. The Gulgong District Hospital will benefit to the extent of over £80.

The hall was a blaze of brightness and freshness, and when the floor was crowded with a happy throng of dancers presented a spectacle that was new to Gulgong. Greenery adorned the walls with multicolored streamers that came from a bell of streamers overhead. The judicious, display of advetising posters pointing to future reels to be screened at the theatre lent effect to the decorative ___. In addition to the movie costumes, many beautiful dresses were worn by the ladles, and it was a rare sight that the hall presented to the large number spectators who held seats in the gallery. Music was supplied by Johnson's orchestra, from. Mudgee, and was voted as first-class.

Supper was served in Messrs, Smith and Foster's building, adjoining, and here special attention had been given to the tables and room adornments. The tables were exquisitely laid, and the artistic arrangements in connection with the decorative scheme showed to good effect. Balloons, flags, streamers, Iceland poppies, jonquils, roses and wattle were used to produce a charming effect. Too much praise cannot be given to Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Porter, who spared themselves no trouble in assisting with the arrangements. Their assistance was valuable in the choosing of numerous costumes, the color scheme and decorations. During the evening, Mrs. Gordon Mason won a bottle of perfume donated by Mrs. R. M. Allport, and Miss Travis won a handbag donated by Jas. Loneragan (Gulgong) Co. 

PRIZES
The following were the prizes awarded for the best movie set featuring any one of the forthcoming pictures to be screened at the Pictoria Theatre, the "Iron Horse Set''; £1/1/- for the best comic or novel movie costume (male or female), Mr. F. A. Ramsay, "Out of Work" (as the result of the Workers Compensation Act); £1/1/- presented by First National Pictures, for the best characterisation of Coolleen Moore in "Sally"___ any other role, no genuine competitor, consolation prize to Mr. F. Akehurst; six months' pass for an adult, valued at £3/4/-, presented by Pictoria Pictures, for the best characterisation of any one of the stars to appear in forthcoming pictures to be screened at the Pictoria Theatre, Miss Dulcie Lyons as "Little Lord Fauntleroy."

THE COSTUMES
The following costumes were worn: — Miss Dulcie Lyons, Little Lord Fauntleroy; Miss Elsie Hogan, Shepherdess; Miss Violet Gardiner, Gilda Gray in ''Aloma of the South Seas"; Mrs. J. F. Stitfield, Basket Maid; Mrs. T. J. Britten, Swiss Peasant; Mrs. H. P. Woobdhouse, Gipsy costume; Miss Barber, "The Red Devil"; Miss Les. Hogan, Persian Princess; Mrs. J. J. Dowd, Rosamond; Miss Olive Wood, Laura La Plante in 'The Midnight Sun'; Mrs. R. M. Allport, French Peasant; Mrs. C. R. Robins, Folly; Matron Snelson, The White Sister; Miss Annie Moy, Gipsy; Nurse M. Moore, The Lady of the Harem; Miss Thelma Saunder (Sydney), Russian Dancer; Mr. F. Akehurst, Colleen Moore in 'Sally'; Mr. F. A. Ramsay, Out of Work; Mr. J. M. Ryan, Fred. Thompson in Riding the Wind'; Mr. P. Drew, Felix the Cat; Mr. H. P. Woodhouse, Gipsy costume; Mr. J. F. Stitfield, Monsieur Beaucaire; Mr. T. J. Britten, Arabian Chief; Mr. W. Foster, Russian Dancer; Mr. J. J. Dowd, Sea Hawk costume; Dr. R. M. Allport. Mephistophiles; Mr. H. Porter, Lon Chaney in 'The Phantom of the Opera''; Mr. Norman Head (Mudgee), as Reginald Denny in "California Straight Ahead." 

"Iron Horse" Set.— The ''Iron Horse" Set, which was awarded the prize, comprised; Miss Laura Wallis (Madge Bellamy) as Miriam Marsh in ''The Iron Horse"; Messrs. O. H. Stapleton (Dave Brandon) as hero in 'The Iron Horse'; L. Been as Judge in 'The Iron Horse'; Tammy Judge as Red. Indian in 'The Iron Horse'; F. Trevenen, Red Indian in 'The Iron Horse.' 

'Master Pictures" — The following comprised the ''Master Pictures" Set: Misses Elsie Cross,___ Evans, Maud Lee, Eileen Austin, Hazel Byfleid, Edith. Davies, Nellie Priddis, Lucy Priddis.

JUVENILE NIGHT
Tho following evening (Wednesday) was a never-to-be-forgotten night in the minds of the children, for it was juvenile night. A happy time was spent. Kathleen Porter (daughter of Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Porter), who is a pupil of Miss Grace Morris, of Mudgee (who was present), gave the Highland Fling. She was appropriately attired, and received a hearty round of applause, as did Zeta Wilson (Dunedoo) for a recitation she rendered.
The following prizes were awarded: — Six months' pass, valued at £5/4/-, donated by Pictoria Pictures, for the Best characterisation of boy or girl actor or actress, divided between Zeta Wilson, (Dunedoo), as Jackie Coogan and Thelma Jackson as Coolleen Moore in 'Sally'; jazz waltzing competition, under 10 years of age, Bessie Taylor and Horace Wilson, consolation prize to W. Pritten and Manusu; special prize donated by Mrs. J. Foster, Jim Wilson as Charlie Chaplin.
The following costumes were worn by children: Meryl Mason as Colleen Moore in 'Sally'; Bessie Taylor, Fairy; Marjorie Foster, Lady Teazalie; Zeta Wilson (Dunedoo, Jackie Coogan; Thelma Jackson, Colleen Moore in 'Sally''; — Holmes, Fairy; Kathleen Porter, Gilded Butterfly; — Manusu, Powder Puff; James Wilson, Charlie Chaplin; Tony Foster, The Admiral; W. Britten, Nigger; G. Mason, Jackie Coogan.
— "Gulgong Advertiser."
Source: Mudgee Guardian and North-Western Representative (NSW : 1890 - 1954) Thu 22 Jul 1926 Page 7

1927
________________________________

Invitation to Grace Morris
Gulgong Bachelor's Ball, 8 September 1927

1928________________________________

Benedict's Ball - OUTSTANDING SUCCESS - SOME CHARMING FROCKS
The Benedict's Ball which was held in the Pictoria Theatre, Gulgong, on Tuesday evening September 4, proved most successful, about 200 people from Gulgong and surrounding districts being present.
Delightful music was rendered by Mr. Stan Johnson's Mudgee orchestra, and the catering was in the capable hands of Mrs. P. Boyd. All present pronounced the evening a huge success and the general desire was to make the ball an annual event.

Among the many charming frocks worn the following were noticed. — Mrs. C. R. Niven, diamante trimming on blue georgette; Miss J. Johnston, pink velvet; Miss. D. Upham, fuschia georgette with feather trimmings; Miss Ivy Inder, gold lace and pink georgette; Miss Eileen Inder, red georgette and silver trimmings; Mrs. J. New-Campbell, black crepe de chene touched with cerise; Dr: Marjorie Tunley, rose georgette; Sister Whitlock, black velvet; Miss M. Croome, old rose crepe de chene; Miss D. Mulholland, Chinese red morocain diamante; Miss J. Heard, white beaded crepe de chene; Miss M. Chapman, blue georgette and taffeta; Miss L. Max well, blue velvet; Mrs. C. S. McFarlane, peach georgette; Mrs. A. L. Henderson, black georgette beaded in silver; Mrs. C. M. Lowe, black embossed georgette; Mrs. T. Maxwell, black georgette, sequin trimmings; Mrs. J. J. Dowd, black satin and lace; Miss E. Oram, black georgette and silver; Miss E. Matchett, white georgette and silver beads; Miss M. McLean, blue georgette and silver; Mrs. J. Small, flame charmeuse georgette; Mrs. J. H. Stahl, black georgette, relieved with pink; Mrs; Dr. Allport, brown and gold tulle; Mrs. J. F. Litchfield, pink georgette relieved with blue; Mrs. R. Glasson, black georgette; Mrs. G. Brownhill, black lace; Mrs. A. Ramsey, rose crepe de chene; Miss M. Snelson, black, georgette; Miss Una Hasenkam, green taffeta and georgette; Miss Lyn Moras, flame georgette, rhinestone trimmings; Miss Grace Moras [sic] black net trimmed with velvet flowers; Miss Hazel Byfield, white satin and silver lame; Miss E. Fyfe, georgette beaded with crystal, Miss Tuxford, apple green taceta with silver; Miss Snelson, green ring velvet; Mrs. W. Fyfe, black crepe de chene; Mrs. F. Heard, alice blue crepe de chene; Mrs. J. F. Foster, black taffeta, chantilly lace, gold lame; Mrs. Wade Gudgeon, rose georgette gold flowers; Mrs. J. H. Dugan, black, georgette, sequin trimming; Mrs. A. Baldwin, black charmeuse; Mrs. B. Boulton, cream georgette; Mrs. E. O'Connell, fawn charmeuse; Miss Lowe, blue georgette; Miss Russ, black, georgette; Mrs. J. Black, pink georgette; Miss B. Bawden, blue crepe de chene.

Gulgong Opera House Ball (possibly 1928 Benedict Ball)
Source: O'Brien family collection (also hanging in Gulgong Opera Houae)


1930s_______________________________


1938 - Gulgong's Great Night - HOSPITAL PIONEER VICE-VERSA BALL
Spectacular Event : Overcrowded Theatre - GRAND PARADE OF FANCY COSTUMES
The annual Gulgong hospital ball in the Roxy Theatre last evening took the form of a Pioneer Vice-Versa Ball. What a night! It was the greatest in the history of the Institution's annual events and a fine tribute to the promoter, Mr. A. R. Newton. The theatre was overcrowded, the grandparade of nations in fancy costume and the beautiful decorations making a spectacular scene such as is seldom seen in towns like Gulgong. Over £60 was taken at the door.
Modern and old-time dances were held alternately, music being supplied by the local orchestras, the Gloomchasers and Wright's Regal Orchestra. The decorative scheme carried cut by Mr. J. Hardiman (manager of the theatre) and Mrs. Hardiman was a feature of the event, quite a number of patrons saying that they had never seen the hall look ing better. Multi-coloured streamers made a richness of color that showed the ball room into good effect. The scheme was certainly very effective.
Quite a number attended in vice-versa costumes. Both sexes were effectively impersonated. Mr. A. T. Fredericks making a splendid 'Mae West.' The outstanding costumes were worn by Mr. T. Menchin ('King Henry VIII') and Mr. Herbest ('Bride'). The fact that scores of people attended in fancy costumes was a triumph for Mr. Newton, one of the hon. secretaries, who, despite his flare for organising, met with a good deal of opposition when he first suggested the nature of the event.
Judging of costumes was carried out by Mr. H. L. G. Moore (Gulgong) and Mr. and Mrs. C. R. N. Owen (Sydney). Too much credit cannot be given to the other hon. secretary (Miss A. Snelson) who, through the years, has been a keen and enthusiastic hospital ball worker, and without whom it would seem that no hospital ball would be a success. The ladies' committee, who went to no end of trouble to arrange eats in buffet style, know Miss Snelson's work, and her effort on this occasion is worthy of warm commendation.
In returning thanks on behalf of the hospital board, Mr. E. F. Trainor made mention of the magnificent effort by the ladies, the secretaries, Mr. Hardiman, the judges, the press, visitors, and supporters. In his well-chosen remarks he apologised for the absence of the chairman of the board (Mr. J. J. Dowd) who, he said, was not attending social functions owing to a recent bereavement. Mr. Trainor praised the work done by those responsible for the success of the function, mentioning that local supporters never failed to help the hospital.
A loud speaker system was used to make announcements, one of the hon. secretaries being the announcer. The 'station' was I.O.U. The following won prizes: —
  • Best Impersonation of a man vice-versa (own choice): Miss Audrey Tompson (Mudgee). 'Cowboy.'
  • Best impersonation of a woman vice-versa (own choice) : Mr. A. T. Fredericks (Gulgong), 'Mae West.'
  • Most humorous vice-versa, male or female: Mr. Trevor Menchin and Mr. Lionel Herbest, 'King Henry Eighth and Bride.'
  • Most original costume, own choice: Miss Laura Heard, 'Spring.'
  • Best movie star costume: Miss H. Chew, 'Shirley Temple.'
  • Best vice-versa party (mixed impersonations) : 'King Henry's party.'
  • Best party, national costumes not necessarily vice-versa: Spanish Toreadors (Misses Molly Flood, Mavis Hasenkam, Una Hasenkam, Dulcie Copeland, Messrs. Gordon Hasenkam, Warren Barclay, Pop Hyland, E. Panowitz).
  • Best solo, national costume, male or female: Miss Betty Copeland, 'Madam Pompadour.'
  • Section not already mentioned: Mr. Roy Griffiths and Miss Ivy Reinhardt, 'Pirates.'
Competitions were won as follow:—
Yodelling, Mr. K. Cunningham (Gulgong): crooning, Mr C. Talbot (Mudgee); sporting event announcement, Messrs. Max Christian and A. Smith (divided). Spot dance (pair of stockings), Miss B. Baldwin; spot dance (pair of stockings), Miss J. Mulley (Mudgee).
A 'bull' flght took place during the evening, the 'bull' being represented by Cliff Dray and Roy "Sandy" Gibbons. Mr. W. A. Saunders acted as ticket seller, and the following acted as door-keepers: — Messrs. C. F. Bliss. T. Britt, J. P. English, and N. Chick.
Those who wore fancy costumes included: — Mrs. T. Amies, 'Confetti Girl'; Miss R. Bayliss, 'Gentleman Aviator'; A. C. Bailey, 'Indian Royal': Mrs. A. C. Bailey, 'Spanish Bride'; Miss D. Clements, 'Gipsy Man'; Miss E. Coyte; 'Rio Rita'; Miss Mary Curry, 'Sailor'; Gordon Chrisp, 'Lady'; Miss Marjorie Campbell, 'Dutch Girl'; Mr. K. Cunningham, 'Spanish Gentleman'; Miss Norah Dewar, 'Chinese Lady'; Miss Rhoda Dutton, 'Gipsy Queen'; Miss Mabel Dutton, 'Spanish Lady'; H. Edwards, 'Sailor'; Mrs. Frank Foster, 'Peasant'; Frank Foster, 'Sailor'; Miss M. Gudgeon 'Swiss-Peasant' ; Mrs. J. Hardiman, 'Early Victorian'; J. Hardiman, 'Golfer' (comic); Miss Laura Heard, 'Spring' (prize for original costume); Miss Ruby Huxley, 'Hard Boiled Egg'; Mr. Geo. Jackson, 'Rajah'; D. C. Lee, 'Viennese Officer'; Jack Morley, 'Naval Officer'; Mrs. Geo. McCauliffe, 'Senorita'; Miss Thelma Nicholas, 'Pack of Cards'; Mrs. Les. Norris, 'Spanish Senorita'; A. R. Newton, 'Red Shadow'; Mrs. W. O'Brien. 'Kilts'; Miss Mary Stones, 'Check-it Cabaret Girl'; Dr. L. W. Tunley, 'Nurse'; Miss V. Warren, 'Gipsy Girl'; Miss J. Williams, 'Lady Aviator; Miss S. Williardt, 'Spring'; Mrs. Bertha Watt, 'Sleepless Nights.'
Mudgee was represented in fancy costume by the following: Ron Imber ('College Boy'), K. Hey, K. Faulkner, W. Holmes, Cecil Talbot, Joyce Jones, and Enid Tuck.
Sets in addition to the prize winning one, were: — Gipsy (Misses Nell Flood, Zilla Winter, Bertha Dutton, Messrs. Kevin English, Alan Laing, Max Christian); Czar (Miss I. Springbett); Harem Girls (Messrs. B. Smith and I. C. Gilbert)


1940s_______________________________

1946 - JUVENILE BALL - Gulgong Kiddies Enjoy Themselves
One of the brightest and prettiest array of fancy costomes for a long time was seen at the Gulgong Town Hall on Thursday night last when the Parents and Citizens' Association held its annual juvenile plain and fancy dress ball. The attendance was beyond all expectations with the hall packed to its capacity.
Hon. Secretary A. J. Brigden and his willing band of helpers were painstaking in their efforts to ensure that all had a good time. Special thanks are due to the following who contributed towards supplying splendid music through out the evening: Mesdames Byfield and T. Foster, Messrs. K. Murray, Jones, L. Price, J. Cross, J. Turner, Ted Gibbons, Les Wright and McCullock.
The mothers of the children deserve special praise for the excellent manner they turned their kiddies out in beautiful and original fancy costumes. One had only to see the display to realise the amount of work that was required to achieve the ultimate result.
Unique in the history of juvenile dances here, every child in fancy costume received a prize. After the main prizes were distributed, Mr. Stewart (a visitor to Gulgong) and Mesdames Mounter and Clarke (who are on a holiday visit here) donated many special consolation prizes. Every other child was then presented with a special prize.
The Judges Dr. M. Tunley, Mrs. Sturgess and Mr. A. J. Brigden were certainly faced with a difficult task in making the awards. Prizes were donated by Dr. M. Tunley, Dr. L. Tunley. Messrs. J. A. Donnelly, G. Pargeter, S. Caldwell, M. Playford and A. J. Brigden. A dainty and tasty supper was served by the ladies.
PRIZE WINNERS
Prettiest costume, Kay Brigden (Old Fashioned Lady) and Elsie Wallis (Early Victorian). Cheapest costume, Peggy Glen ('Gazette'). Most original, Susan McLachlan (Gulgong Power Supply) and Peter Davis (Bernborough Jockey). Most humorous, Les Jackson (Clown). Best pair. Pam and Bob Woods (Britannia and the Herald). Consolation prizes, (donated by Mr. Stewart), Douglas Wall (Tennis player), Jennifer Murray (Fairy), Desina Jackson (Bo Peep). Other consolation prizes; Lois Jackson (Queen of Hearts), Beryl Hope (Easter Fashion), Pat Cross (Bridesmaid), Lesley Woods (Swiss Maid), Gleda Tattetsall (Hat Check Girl), Pam Tomlinson (Easter Fashion), Janice Lyons (Fairy), Jeanette Byfield (Butterfly), Margaret Moffitt (Bridesmaid), Fay Boyd (Bridesmaid), Narelle Davis (Queen of Hearts), Lorna Baldwin (Fairy), Jim Brigden (Red Indian), Ann Woods (Swiss Girl), Judith Bratby (Spring), Grantly Stahl (Clown), Max Mason (Jockey), Norman Malone (Newsprint), J. Brokeborough (Waitress), Y. Verschuer (Dutch Girl), Bob Murray (Pirate), Neville Lyons (Prince), Ken Jones (Goblin).
Source: Mudgee Guardian and North-Western Representative (NSW : 1890 - 1954) Thu 31 Oct 1946 Page 17

1950s_______________________________

Lois Jackson Lewis aged 16/17
Debutante Ball 1951

1951 - PRESENTATION OF DEBUTANTES AT HAPPY AND SPECTACULAR ANNUAL CHURCH OF ENGLAND BALL
One of the happiest, most spectacular and well attended functions ever held in Gulgong was the Annual Church of England Ball in the Town Hall on Tuesday evening of last week. The main attraction of the evening was the presentation of 15 debutantes to Mrs. L. H. Ford, the Mayoress of Dubbo, by the Matron of Honour, Mrs. J. J. Dowd.

The Debutantes, who presented a beautiful picture were attended by a Guard of Honor of 12 young girls and four flower girls, Beverly Napier, Fay Lane, Dierdre Dorman and Judy Gibbons. After the presentation, Mrs. Ford welcomed the Debutantes to their wider sphere of social life in a delightful, well worded speech, and wished them all every happiness.

At the official supper, the Rector (Rev. S. Carr) welcomed the visitors and conveyed the appreciation of all concerned, at the privilege and honour of entertaining two such distinguished guests as the Mayor and Mayoress of Dubbo. Ald. Ford, replying on behalf of his wife and self said they were both happy to be present on such a delightful occasion.

Those chiefly responsible for the the organisation of the highly successful event were: Mesdames E. C. Sykes (Hon. organising secretary), F. A. Jones (Hon. Treasurer), and M. A. Napier, who assisted in the training of the debs, members of the Women's Guild, Vestry, Y.A's and others who gave very valuable assistance. The hall was colorfully and tastefully decorated. Music was supplied by Melody Masters' orchestra under the leadership of Mr. F. A. Jones.

The debutantes and their dresses were: —
    • Lorna and Lola Loughrey, (white nylon over satin);
    • Jewel White (white lace with draped neckline);
    • Judith Hogan (white net with sequin trim);
    • Nola Brokenborough (white satin and lace);
    • Dawn Martin (white satin skirt with lace bodice);
    • Pauline Honeysett (white figured organdi with lace insets);
    • Doreen Hulme (white lace and satin);
    • Ella Loughrey (white sheer worn with a draped bertha neck line);
    • Gloria Shearman (white allover lace over taffeta);
    • Lois Jackson (white net with satin ribbon bands);
    • June Thompson (white spotted net over satin);
    • Shirley Hollow (white sprigged organdi);
    • Joy Scott (white satin and lace);
    • Rita Ryan (white taffeta with sweetheart neckline).

1950s ball (possibly Gulgong)
Source: Jo Sheridan
1) Barry Sheridan 2) Marie Pass 3) Lorna Campbell nee Baldwin 4) Barry Stuart 5) Pauline Mason 6) Jeanette Byfield 7) Alwyn (Frizz) Stuart 8) female unsure? 9) Ron Stewart


Jean Kelly nee Ryan, Memorial Hall, 1959
Child could be Lynne Morrisey


Jean Kelly (nee Ryan) in dark skirt; Rita Kelly (nee Ryan) in ruffled skirt, foreground; James Brophy in the checked shirt clapping his hands.

1960s_______________________________

Source: Robin Croome

Gulgong Ball, ca 1965
From left: John and Pam Haberecht, Terry and Anne Phegan, Jim and Betty Fitzpatrick (nee Croome)

1970s_______________________________

Vice Regal Ball, 7 March 1970
Invitation of Lourna and Max Douglas
Source: Kerry Adams

Marilyn Gudgeon and Tony Gorrie being presented to Sir Roden Cutler., early 1970

Marilyn Gudgeon and Tony Gorrie, early 1970

Friday, June 18, 2021

RUSSELL

F W Russell General Storekeeper, Unity House Gulgong. 1897

F W Russell, Mayor of Gulgong, 1897


C A Russell, Central Boot Palace, 1897

NEWS ITEMS

1873 - ADVERTISEMENT

I.O.O.F.M.U.—Wanted, a duly qualified MEDICAL PRACTITIONER, to attend the Members and their Families of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, M. U., at Gulgong, with a right of private practice. Must be duly certified by the Medical Board of N.S.W.
All particulars in reference to the above on application to F. W. RUSSELL, Gulgong.
Source: The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954) Thu 25 Sep 1873 Page 8

1873 - PETITION FOR MUNICIPALITY
In this document, FW Russell is self-described as "Clerk, Medley Street".
Source: New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900) Mon 6 Oct 1873 [Issue No.229 (SUPPLEMENT)] Page 2745

1874 - MEDICAL.
Applications are invited for a duly-qualified MEDICAL OFFICER by the members of the Loyal Happy Valley Lodge of Oddfellows, Gulgong. Applications to be enclosed to the Secretary, from whom all particulars may be had, on or before the 30th July 1874.F. W. RUSSELL, Sec. I.O.O.F., M.U., Gulgong.
Source:The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954) Fri 17 Jul 1874 Page 8

1876 - [LAND PURCHASE]

Source: HLRV Regional Charting Map 



1878 - [MUNICIPAL RECORDS]
I certify the foregoing account to be correct, and to correspond with the books and vouchers and other documents in the possession or power of the Municipal Council of Grulgong.
R. ROUSE, Mayor.
We certify that all the books of account and vouchers or other documents in support thereof, in the possession or power of the Municipal Council of Gulgong, have been exhibited to us; that the foregoing statement corresponds with such books of account and vouchers or other documents; and that the above account is correct.
Samuel T. Bishop, Treasurer.
F. W. Russell, W. H. Arrowsmith — Auditors
25th February, 1878.
Source: New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900) Fri 1 Mar 1878 [Issue No.68] Page 905

1880 - GULGONG MUNICIPALITY.

NOTICE.—The following gentlemen were duly elected Auditors for the year 1880-81:—
Messrs. F. W. Russell, and
Edward McCulloch.
WILLIAM SELFF,
Returning Officer.
Council Chambers, 14th February, 1880.
Source: New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900) Fri 20 Feb 1880 [Issue No.69] Page 865

1881 - GULGONG ELECTIONS
GULGONG.—Mayor : Charles Zimmler. Aldermen: Charles Zimmler, H. J. Holland, and Alfred Blanchard. Auditor : F. W. Russell.
Source: Australian Town and Country Journal (Sydney, NSW : 1870 - 1919) Sat 12 Feb 1881 Page 12

1886 - GULGONG, Wednesday.
The annual meeting of subscribers to the hospital, which was held here last night, was well attended. The reports of the committee and medical officer and the treasurer's balance-sheet were adopted. The result of the election of officers was as follows:— Mr. Samuel T. Bishop, J.P., president; Mr. F. W. Russell, vice-president; Dr. Joseph P. Kealey, surgeon; Mr. Christian Ode, secretary; committee, Messrs. Junian, Hewitt, Holden, Moverly, Wilson, Shannon, Holland, Curran, Stear, Tuxford, and Powell; auditors, Messrs. Turner and Seaton. The treasurer reported that he had obtained 96 annual subscriptions for the present year, being the largest number received for many years.
Source: The Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1871 - 1912) Sat 23 Jan 1886 Page 202

1889 - MINISTERIAL VISIT
See Timeline - 1889

1894 - GULGONG MUNICIPALITY.
NOTICE is hereby given that at a Meeting of the Council held on the 3rd instant, Mr. Charles E. Hilton was duly appointed Inspector of Slaughter-houses for the Municipal District of Gulgong.
F. W. RUSSELL,
Town Hall, Gulgong, Mayor.
10th October, 1894.
Source: New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900) Fri 12 Oct 1894 [Issue No.668] Page 6486

1894 - GULGONG MUNICIPALITY.
NOTICE is hereby given that His Excellency the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council, has been pleased to appoint Mr. John Hewitt an Alderman of the Gulgong Municipality, in place of Alderman A. Blanchard, deceased.F. W. RUSSELL,
Town Hall, Gulgong, Mayor.
20th October, 1894.
Source: New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900) Fri 26 Oct 1894 [Issue No.707] Page 6823

1895 - MAYORAL ELECTIONS.
The following alderinou were yesterday elected Mayors: —
... Gulgong.— F. W. Russell, re-elected.
Source: The Australian Star (Sydney, NSW : 1887 - 1909) Wed 13 Feb 1895 Page 3

1895 - GULGONG MUNICIPALITY.
NOTICE is hereby given that Messrs. Edward M'CulIoch and John B Clarke have been duly appointed by tbe Council Valuers of ratable property within this Municipality for the current year.
F. W. RUSSELL,
Town Hall, Gulgong, Mayor.
18th April, 1895.
Source: New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900) Wed 17 Apr 1895 [Issue No.261] Page 2563

1895 - HOSPITAL SUNDAY
Hospital Sunday was celebrated yesterday, and in spite of the dull, cold weather there was a good attendance. The Mudgee and the town band headed a procession of Oddfellows and children, which marched round the town and then to the Agricultural Showground, where, addresses were delivered by the Mayor, Mr. F. W. Russell, Father Long, and Mr. R. Jones, M.L.A. The Church of England and Presbyterian clergymen were absent from the town. The collections for the hospital on Saturday, 22nd June, and yesterday amounted to £30.
Source: The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954) Tue 2 Jul 1895 Page 5

1895 - [ELECTORS]
Mr. Robert Jones addressed a large and enthusiastic meeting in the theatre on Saturday night, Mr. F. W. Russell, the Mayor, presiding. Mr. Jones thanked the electors for the consistent support always accorded him at every election.
Source: The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954) Tue 30 Jul 1895 Page 5


THE ROUSES OF GUNTAWANG AND BIRAGANBIL

ROUSE FAMILY
  • GEORGE ROUSE and ELIZABETH ROUSE nee ADAMS
    • MARY - born 1799, England
    • JOHN - 1801-1873
    • GEORGE - 1805-1809, NSW
    • EDWIN ROUSE (1806-1862) of GUNTAWANG married Hannah Terry Hipkins (1819-1907)
      • RICHARD ROUSE born 1842-1903, Guntawang
        • Mabel Digby
        • Ernest Edwin
        • Florence Amy
        • Stanley Barnard
        • Marian Emily
        • Winifred Viva
      • EMMA - (1843-1928)
      • ELIZABETH (LIZZIE) - (1845-1931)
      • MARY PHOEBE - (1847-1931)
      • EDWIN STEPHEN (1849-1931)
    • JANE - 1809-1877
    • ELIZABETH - 1811-1811
    • ELEANOR - 1813-1898
    • GEORGE ROUSE  (1816-1888) of BIRAGANBIL married ELIZABETH MOORE 
      • RICHARD - born 1843 at Windsor; married Mary Helena Lowe in Mudgee in 1869 (NSW BDM 2880/1869); he died 1906 at Gulgong
        • Leslie George - born 1870 (NSW BDM 13066/1870)
        • Ethel Mary - born 1873 (NSW BDM 13968/1873)
        • Herbert Charles - born 1876 (NSW BDM 15694/1876)
        • Maria Beatrice - born 1878 (NSW BDM 17092/1878)
      • ANNIE - born 1858, Mudgee, died 1862 Mudgee
      • ADA M - born 1860, Mudgee, died 1862 Mudgee
    • ELIZABETH HENRIETTA - 1818-1863
PROPERTIES
 
Rouse gentlemen dressed up for the Gulgong Centenary, 1970
Source: Barbara Gurney

Richard Rouse dressed up for the Gulgong Centenary, 1970
Source: Barbara Gurney




1872

AUSTRALIAN ALMANAC - GULGONG.

Banks
  • Bank of NSW - Gulgong Branch - C. B. Cairnes, Manager
  • Australian Joint Stock Bank
Country Attorneys
  • Johnson, Richard - Mudgee & Gulgong - Agent: H R Way
Country Lodges
  • Gulgong - Lodge Abbotsford (U.D.)
Source: The Australian almanac. (1872)

1872 - [NEW LANDOWNERS]
[3109] Department of Lands, Sydney, 21st June, 1872.
IT is hereby notified, that the persons mentioned in the subjoined list have been permitted to purchase, under the 8th clause of the Crown Lands Alienation Act of 1861, the portions of improved land specified against their respective names.
The deeds for these portions will be issued as early as practicable.
JAMES S. FAKNELL.

Names of Applicants.
John Brigden
T. G. Jenkins
Thomas Ryan
Margaret Gless
Sampson Jacob
W. A. Smith
H. A. Swan
W. Kinson
Thomas Yabsley
Charles Monk
G. L. Keighran
Joseph H. Murray
Henry Rossiter
Patrick Gallen
John Souter
John T. Woods
James Long
Edward Tarrant
John Thomas Frost
W. Hewson
F. S. Osborn
Robert Stewart
William Wesley
Nicholas Cooney
William John White
Daniel Doyle
Moses Brothers
William Kemp
James Court
Daniel Asher
F. W. Clifford
B. Benjamin
Witton & Company
John Pericles
D. Pope
John Scully
John Cogdon
William Frost
Thomas Saunders
R. Angove
R. H. D. White, pro Bank of New South Wales
William Selff
John B. Clarke
Cornelius Driscoll
James Redmond
Williams & Taylor
Abraham Hyams
William Selff
Sun Tong Lee
Patrick Brady
Richard Creek
Mary A. Bloomfield
John T. Woods
Michael Downey
Edwin Davies
Henry W. Phillips
Joseph Price
Samuel Samper
Charles E. Whicker

Source: New South Wales Government Gazette (Sydney, NSW : 1832 - 1900) Fri 21 Jun 1872 [Issue No.172] Page 1596

SELECTED ARTICLES FROM 1872

1872 - VIEW OF GULGONG FROM THE HOSPITAL HILL.

1870s VIEW OF GULGONG FROM THE HOSPITAL HILL.

1872 - VIEW OF GULGONG 
(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
LOOKING from the Hospital Hill, Gulgong presents a very busy and important appearance. In the distance the blue prominent peaks of ranges about Cooyal stand out against the eastern sky. Nearer, and to the left of the picture, the huge mounds of red, white, and blue stuff indicate the locality of the Black Lead and the Happy Valley—the spots from which the present wealth of the gold-field is being extracted. To the right are seen the workings on the Red Hill, with the red flag of the Golden Hill Company flying over their claim, and denoting that they have struck the precious metal.

The valley between is thickly studded with the white tents and bark huts of the diggers, whilst the foreground is occupied by the town of Gulgong itself, with its numerous publics, stores, and shops of all descriptions, sizes, and architectural designs.

The population of the diggings is estimated at about 10,000, comprising people from all parts of the world, and from every diggings in Australia, English, French German, and Chinese. The men of course predominate, but I was very glad to see a fair proportion of the softer sex and a great many children. The population is, without exception, the most orderly for a diggings I ever saw. They seem a quiet self-reliant class—working hard all day, and at night promenading the streets to make their little purchases or hear the latest news. I saw but one or two cases of drunkenness during my stay, and although I observed a strong body of police there did not appear to be as much occasion for their services as I noticed in my omnibus drive down Brickfield-hill.

The buildings are all composed of wood, calico, or bark, presenting strange contrasts by the variety of colours and designs. The finest building is certainly the new Roman Catholic Church just completed, and reflecting great credit on that congregation. Near it is the Wesleyan Chapel, also a very neat structure, and on the rise of the hill the English Church, to which is now being added a respectable parsonage.

Selfe's Hotel, at the junction of Queen and Herbert streets, being the only two-storied house in town, and on the top of the hill, towers above its fellows, and gives a permanent look to the place. The public-houses appear to be well kept, and all doing a quiet steady trade. Good meals, good liquor, civility, and attention are to be obtained everywhere, so far as my observations extended. The stores also are well-stocked, and the articles extremely cheap. The two Chinese Stores in Herbert-street are a feature in the town. Their assistants behind the counters are all Celestials, and their expertness in dealing and the ready manner in which they have become acquainted with English weights, measures, and prices, speaks well for the persevering industry of the race.

There are four churches, which I believe are well attended; three schools also well attended. A hospital, which I am happy to say, is not so well attended, although liberally supported. There is a good theatre, under thc management of Miss Joey Gougenheim, supported by a good company of artists, and apparently well patronised by the public.

The Court-house, and the police barracks are substantially built on the top of the Red Hill, and immediately on the Mudgee-road. There appears to be no doubt as to the permanency and extent of the Gulgong. It is not my place to describe the different loads, or their prospective value. I leave that to your regular correspondent, who has faithfully kept you posted up in those matters; but I will just mention that the country around for miles, bears the same character, and is being gradually opened up, and I doubt not, Gulgong will remain for many years the centre of a very large and rich gold district.

JANUARY - A NEW AND STRANGE DISEASE
A correspondent of the Empire at Gulgong writes - During the first four weeks a new disease has developed amongst the population at Gulgong. It is cutaneous in character, and very annoying to those afflicted. Its cause is generally attributed to the water used by the people, and is said to be accounted for by either the diseased sheep that have been washed in the creek from which the water supply is obtained, or the remedies employed to cure such diseased sheep.
Blotches come out upon the skin of those taken with the disease, and although the general health of the party does not appear to be affected, the singularity occasions much remark.
'Arsenical sores' is a term that has been applied as descriptive of the disease, but whether this is a proper term or not we leave for surgeons to decide. It will of course become important to the people to know if such a disease can arise from the cause assigned, and if such should prove to be a fact, measures must be adopted to prevent it.
Source: The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW : 1843 - 1893) Thu 11 Jan 1872 Page 4

JANUARY - FRIGHTFUL MORTALITY.
The sickness now prevailing in this locality is something frightful to contemplate, and appears to be on the increase. On Sunday there were five funerals and several on Monday, and in the evening we were told by a medical man that three others had succumbed during the day. It is an exhaustive fever, but lacks several of the characteristics of typhoid. It is what is generally called colonial fever. Amongst others buried on Sunday was Mr C. F Wickers, of Pyrmont, Sydney—a gentleman who has resided here about five months, and was the proprietor of quite a number of town allotments and mining shares. He 
died at Driscoll's Warburton Hotel, at 2 o clock on Saturday.

FEBRUARY - The number of deaths registered at Gulgong during the month of January has been 37, a number largely in excess of the average per month in the preceding quarter. Of the above number 21 were children under 5 years of age, 6 between 5 and 12 years, and 4 were deaths from mining accidents, thus showing that the mortality is confined to children principally.
Source: Australian Town and Country Journal (Sydney, NSW : 1870 - 1919) Sat 10 Feb 1872 Page 6

FEBRUARY - The Gulgong Argus, of the 14th, also relates that some excitement was caused in the town on Monday, by a large number of the diggers parading the street with a band of music, flags flying, and the effigies of Mr. R. Rouse, J.P., and Mr. H. Tebbutt, J.P., being carried upon a platform for the purpose of a conflagration, (that the ire of the owners of the block claims on the Black Lead might be appeased) through the adverse decision given by the above gentlemen against them. The procession proceeded along Herbert-street to Queen-street; it afterwards went down Queen-street, along Medley-street, thence round Naughton's corner to Selff 's Hotel. The crowd had now increased to about six thousand, when it proceeded past Tuckermann's Hotel, on to the Red Hill, where the two effigies were consigned to the flames amid the cheers, groans, and shootings of an excited populace; during this part of the programme, one man had his leg broken, and another his arm, by tumbling over the quartz.

1872 - CEREMONY WITH EFFIGIES
A most novel and amusing scene took place here yesterday morning — the exhibition of two mummies, or effigies, who bore a striking resemblance to two of our worthies of the peace. It had been notified by the bellman that at 4 o'clock a procession would start from the lower end of the Black Lead, and that it was desirable that every man on the field should put in an appearance in order to witness the imposing ceremony. All was in readiness, and, true to the hour, the different officials took their proper posts of honor. First came a front guard of horseman — and women, too. Next the town crier, bell in hand; next came the standard bearer; then the band, playing the "Rogue's March;" then the two objects of derision, arm in arm, and seated at the foot of the gallows, erected on a frame borne by four men; then came horsemen, carts, drays, footmen, etc., in all over a thousand. The procession moved along all the principal streets, stopping at every corner, and exhibited their mummies, whose phizzes were unmistakable, until at length they reached the summit of the Red Hill; and, the hour being come, one of the crowd stepped forward, and pulled the rope. The two trunks dangled in the air, until at last the necks gave way, and the trunks fell to the ground. A fire was then lit, and they were consumed amid the groans and curses of nearly all present. One party returned back to the Camp reserve, playing "God Save the Queen," while the other proceeded down Herbert Street, playing "Patrick's Day." What does our so-styled Justice now think of the "heathen savages of Gulgong "? February 13.

Source: Trove

APRIL - GULGONG. [FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.]
Never since the great rush to this place, which commenced some ten months ago, has the town presented so dull an appearance. The thousands who thronged the streets, on a Saturday night especially, are no longer to be seen, and the town, always remarkable for the orderly conduct of the inhabitants, presents at night a quietude which hardly suggests to a visitor, unaware of the fact, the contiguity of an extensive gold-field. Some noticing the change from the busy whirl of excitement which characterised the place, would be inclined to suppose that the gold-field was declining. But the escorts prove to the contrary, the average of about 4000 ounces per fortnight having been well sustained up to the present time, while there can be no doubt that when some of the deep shafts are bottomed and the rain comes, there will be a great advance upon that quantity. The uncrowded appearance of the streets during the day is a great indication of the stability of the place, for no doubt many of the men who were formerly idlers for want of work are now hidden from gaze, at depths varying from 50 to 100 feet down the shafts of the deep-sinking claims on the principal leads. Then, again, a large number have been drawn away from Gulgong proper to the Canadian lead, about five miles distant, and which promises to rival even Gulgong itself for buildings and population. Here the red flag is flying in all directions, and the advantage of the miners who have struck gold lies in the great depth of wash dirt, which in one claim I descended was fully eleven feet in depth. Consequently, although the field may in some cases not exceed an ounce to the ton, yet the quantity of it, and the comparative ease with which it is obtained, go far to counteract the apparent inequality. On the Black lead the greatest anxiety ie felt as
to the result of the bottoming of the shafts in claims beyond No. 40, for if either of them comes upon good dirt, scores of claims beyond will be worked with the greatest activity. The Star, Moonlight, and Scandinavian leads are also looking up, and I hear some very cheering accounts from Stott's, Lowe's, and Rouse'e paddocks, the last three being private property. Your readers will have seen that largo areas in W. R. Rouse's paddocks, at Biraganbil, and Mr. G. Rouse's paddock, at Guntawang, have been taken up by speculators, and formed into public companies. If other owners of land in the neighbourhood, known to be auriferous, were to follow this example, and throw their property open to the pick and shovel in a similar manner, a solution of the vexed question of mining on private property would not be
far off, so far as this district is concerned. I may add, that another landed proprietor (Mr. R. Lowe) has permitted a company to be formed to work a claim of ten acres on his Ellerslie property, on which an unmistakably gold-bearing reef exists; and I have seen samples of the stone, which yielded at the Mint nearly an ounce to the ton. Our great want now is, as it has been more or less for nine months, water. The dams are nearly dried up, and pyramids of washdirt surround the majority of the shafts that have struck the bottom. The greatest dissatisfaction is expressed upon all sides regarding the amended regulations, and the opinion of many intelligent and experienced miners is, that the "frontage" system is utterly unsuited to the requirements of thie field, and must ever be a clog upon its progress. One thing is certain, that it is prolific of litigation, and the general mode appears to be for two magistrates to give a decision, and for two others, sitting as on appeal Court, to reverse it. A petition is being numerously signed by the miners for presentation to the Parliament when it meets, praying that some legislation may take place to enable them to enter upon private auriferous tracts and mine, paying the owner a compensation to be decided by Government arbitrators. The petitioners mainly depend upon the reservation in the Crown grants of all precious metals, &c., which they urge clearly entitles the Crown to resume possession. We are great people here for memorials and petitions, but unfortunately little good seems to come from them. The latest grievance is one of the new regulations, which provides for the issue of leases of auriferous ground of various classes, and of a maximum area of 25 acres, at a yearly rental of £1 per acre, and they conclude their memorial to the Minister for Lands by saying that "they emphatically protest against a system of leasing, which creates a class of unscrupulous adventurers, who, by their speculative practices, defraud the investor, injure the miner, and do not develop the gold-fields."

Shortly after I commenced this letter, at a little before 7 o'clock this evening, an alarm of fire was raised in Herbert-street, and it soon became evident that Asher's general store [near Ryans's Hotel] was on fire. The great want of water struck with appalling force upon the senses, for if the flames gained any ascendency the greater portion of the town, built as it is of such fragile materials, would have been jeopardised.
Fortunately there was no wind, and, as everybody felt it to be his interest to check the fire, there was a much larger quantity of water provided than could have been expected.
On the lower side of the store stood the Treble X Brewery, a small building built principally of bark, and it was in a very few minutes levelled to the ground, thus cutting off communication in that direction. On the other side was a small gap, dividing the burning building from Moses's store,. "The Wonder of the World," and by means of blankets, saturated with water, it was saved. In less than ten minutes from the alarm of fire, the flames had such a hold that extinguishing them was out of the question, and in less than half-an-hour from the outbreak the store and its contents, stated to be worth about £3000, were a pile of ashes. The excitement has been so intense that it has been impossible to ascertain, accurately, whether either the building or the stock was insured, but it is said that the
latter was about half covered. The fire was caused by a too common accident, the bursting of a kerosene lamp; but it would have been easily extinguished by means of a blanket thrown on it by Mr. Asher, jun., had not some one with injudicious zeal, thrown a quantity of water upon the flames, and so spread the oil bearing them all over the place. Gulgong, Saturday, April 20.

MAY - A VISIT TO THE WESTERN GOLD FIELDS. No. 2.— GULGONG. [FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.] May 17.
The road from Mudgee to Gulgong runs the greater part of the way over alluvial flats, level as a bowling green. A gently undulating forest country intervenes now and then, just to vary, as it were, the monotony of the bush-track without rendering it anywhere steep or rugged. An easier passage provided by nature to a rich gold-field it would be hard to imagine. The difficulties encountered by diggers twenty years ago in getting to such places, suggested the inference that they were all, without exception, girt round with mountains and ravines. That idea is found to be erroneous, like many others entertained by the first adventurers. Gold is now thought to be almost everywhere obtainable at different depths, after having crossed the Blue Mountains.
Several vehicles run daily between Mudgee and Gulgong, carrying passengers, at the low charge of half-a-crown each way. The distance is about eighteen miles. My friend and I travelled on horse-back, as being more favourable to a leisurely survey of the country, and affording us an opportunity of looking at the Canadian Lead, — an off-shoot of the diggings at Gulgong.
I shall postpone my observations upon this comparatively new lead, in order that I may carry the reader's attention at once to the more famous field last mentioned. On arriving at what is called the Red Hill — an eminence of no great height, composed of an ochreous kind of earth, thickly strewed with pebbles and splinters of quartz, you obtain a full view of the township—so to call it—or gold-digging settlement of Gulgong. It is situated on a flat, and stretches over an area of about two miles square, or rather more than two thousand acres at a rough calculation. The whole space is dotted with habitations of a hybrid character, being neither tents nor huts, but having a mixture of the features of both canvas and calico predominating in some, and bark and slab in others. Intermixed with these tent-huts in every direction, and equally if not more numerous than they, are heaps of excavated earth, sometimes as high or higher than the huts themselves, and not unfrequently surmounted by a windlass for hoisting the stuff from below. This apparatus, in the case of a paying shaft, is generally encompassed by a rude frame-work which supports a covering overhead of some sort — often bushes—to shelter the workmen from the burning rays of the mid-day sun.
At a distance — as at the view from the Red Hill —these tent-huts and heaps of clay appear to be a thick and confused medley, but on a closer inspection, — as I ascertained afterwards — they appear to have been subjected from the first, to on arrangement having a suitable degree of regard to facility of intercommunication.
To the left of this spacious array of tent-huts and piles of earth, and on a somewhat higher level, stands the business part of the settlement. This is divided into streets, which cross each other at something like right-angles. Every foot of ground is appropriated. Shops of all kinds, and public-houses of ever degree of rank, from a simple bark shanty to a pretentious brick built hotel, closely elbow one another— the public houses, I think, being not only greater in number, but also superior in size and commodiousness. There are upwards of seventy of them, I am told, within the space which the eye looks down upon from the Red Hill. Let not the teetotallers be alarmed! A large proportion, if not the whole of these fulfil the purpose for which public houses are professedly licensed by law — they are houses of entertainment, and their varied scales of accommodation are adapted to the means and taste of the peripatetic section of the community.
Excessive drinking is not charateristic of the diggers as a class, and I am disposed to think that, except in the form of habitual sottishness on the part of those who have given up all hope in the future, very little of it exists in Gulgong. A fit of the kind is generally succeeded by the teetotal pledge for a season; so that 'perfect sobriety,' as total abstainers love to call it, gains on the whole, perhaps, as much as it loses by the occasional mistakes of those who outstep the boundaries of moderate drinking. Every thing, 'from a needle to an anchor,' is purchasable at the shops here, at little or no advance upon Sydney prices. The streets—so to call the dusty avenues between the rows of shops and inns—are thronged in the daytime, by much about the some number, though not, apparently by the some sort of persons, as the streets in Sydney. There is not the same bustling activity about them, intent, in the case of each individual, on the immediate discharge of a high duty, that you will observe in the Sydney people. Here they are more meditative in their aspect, and deliberate in their gait, as though they had business in view that required thought and circumspection rather than quick despatch.
There are also fewer women amongst them, and fewer well dressed men. The yellow, clay-stained fustian trousers which have never made and never will make acquaintance with the wash-tub, invest the lower extremities of every two men out of three (perhaps of every three men out of four) you meet. Some are looking after backers, it may be; some are hunting up mates on the spree; some compounding with their creditors; some seeking employment; but few if any are indulging in voluntary idleness. Though they move along at snail's pace as compared with the brisk fellows in the business part of Sydney, yet they are all so much on the move that there are no stationary groups at the street-corners.
At night the thronged appearance of the principal thoroughfare resembles that of the centre of Sydney, at the intersection of King and George streets. On Saturday evenings, I am told, the trading portion of the settlement exhibits as crowded and busy an aspect as 'Paddy's Market,' in Sydney. The division of labour is carried to a far greater extent in commercial business here than it is at Mudgee. Instead of being general stores at which all sorts of goods are sold, as at the last mentioned town, most of the shops at Gulgong are confined to the sale of a single species of articles. The rather antiquated method of announcing auction sales, public meetings, entertainments, &c., by means of the street-crier is resorted to at both places; but at Gulgong the practice is most prevalent, and a higher degree of vocal talent seems to be engaged in the occupation.
One of the Gulgong public criers is distinguished as well for the strength of his lungs as for the distinctness of his articulation. His professional deliverances are generally made on horse-back, and he calls himself 'The Campanologist,' to connote, perhaps, along with the skill he displays in the use of a large hand-bill, the sonorous character of his own voice. He is quite a local celebrity, and should be, I imagine, in a fair way of laying the foundation of a fortune, by a mode of industry which no where else in the world could lead to such a result.
The shops here are said to sell articles at as cheap a rate as they are obtainable in Sydney, and considerably cheaper than they are to be had in Mudgee. And this cheapness is likely to continue and increase, as waggons and drays loaded with merchandize of all kinds are continually arriving.
The shops and public-houses are, for the most part, of a very temporary and unsubstantial character, considered as buildings. A large proportion of them are capable of being removed, peacemeal, and set up again on a new diggings in the event of Gulgong declining in prosperity, and a rush taking place to another field within a day or two's journey. The materials of which many of them are composed have already done service in a similar capacity at Two-mile Flat and elsewhere.
As to the public buildings— so to call the churches, schools, &c, — the only one which has any pretensions to architectural elegance and suitability to the purpose for which it was erected, is the Roman Catholic Church. Though entirely composed of wood, it has a very graceful exterior, together with an appear ance of strength and permanence, which is seldom exhibited by structures of the same material. It stands in the centre of a large allotment which is enclosed with a somewhat rough/pailing fence. At the time I passed it, a large number of children, who attend the Roman Catholic School, were at play within this enclosure.
All the principal denominations have churches and schools here, I am informed, which are well attended —the schools particularly. Religion and education, therefore, appear to maintain their ground though entirely self-supported. The Public School system has not as yet obtained a footing. Children of all ages are numerous throughout the whole settlement, but especially so in the poorer-looking quarters of it. They are, generally speaking, I am happy to say, decently dressed, and healthy looking.
A considerable number of married persons with families appear to have taken to gold-digging as an occupation. It is certainly not a very congenial one for them as respects the comfort and the interests of the younger and weaker members of their households; but it may be expected that as time flies on, and their turn comes for making a lucky stroke, they will, one family after another, settle down upon the waste lands as free-selectors. This has already been the case, I am happy to say, in many instances. In the immediate neighbourhood of Gulgong small farmers on land of their own are numerous, though rather scattered, and too far apart from one another to enjoy all the advantages of the social state.

1872 - Burglaries, Stealing from Premises, &c.
Stolen on the 18th ultimo, from a shop-door of Messrs. Wilton & Co., storekeepers, Gulgong,—About 25 yards of green plaid; value, about £2. Identification doubtful.
Stolen between the hours of 6 and 12 p.m. the 18th ultimo, from the house of Daniel Downey, miner, Gulgong,—An American tomahawk with a small piece out of one comer, and two-pence in coppers. Tomahawk identifiable.
Stolen about noon the 22nd ultimo, from a hut at Gulgong, the property of Robert Rolling,—One pair gray tweed trousers and vest, one blue cloth sac coat, and one five-chambered revolver, small size, round barrel.
Stolen on the evening of the 24th ultimo, from the house of Stephen Brooks, Black Lead, Gulgong,—About 1 ounce of gold, one piece weighs about 3 dwts., and has a small piece of quartz in the centre, flat shape, identifiable; and about £3 worth of silver, not identifiable.
Monday
The Post-office was burglariously entered by the rear-window on Sunday evening, between 8 and 9 o'clock, while the postmaster and his wife were at church. About £10 was stolen, but the letters and papers were not disturbed.
Mining affairs at the new lead are lively.
Messrs. Sweeney and Gilles have been selected as delegates to proceed to Sydney to advocate the block system for the whole of the Home Rule claims.
The weather is cold and unsettled.
Thursday.
The escort takes 3465 ounces to-day.
There is much excitement between the frontage and block claim holders at the Home Rule.
Raining steadily.

SEPTEMBER
Street Metalling - We are glad to see that the very necessary work of metalling the two principal streets is now being performed. Both Queen [Mayne] and Herbert streets are now metalled in the centre for some distance, and several ugly holes have been filled up. This was much required both for the convenience of pedestrians and to support the heavy traffic passing over them. The sidewalks however, also require a similar coating, especially in wet and soggy weather; but considering the reluctance the Government have always exhibited in voting money for public works on Gulgong, we must learn to be grateful for the most infinitesimal grants from the Colonial Treasurer.
Source: Gulgong Guardian, Issue No 116, 25 September 1872

DECEMBER - TOWN IMPROVEMENTS.
Gulgong is being rapidly improved in its general appearance. This comes about not only in the superior kind of dwellings and houses of business, but in the alterations that are made by straightening lines and smoothing corners. Queen-street is now very compact, and almost uninterruptedly elegant for nearly three quarters of a mile, and has completely eclipsed Herbert-street. Commencing some distance on the Home Rule-road I notice that Mr. L. S. Donaldson, C.P.S., has recently enclosed his allotment on the northerly slope of Red Hill with a good substantial paling fence. Within the enclosure he has also erected a a nice verandah cottage. These constitute a material improvement to the air of comfort in that part of the street. Approaching the town I find that Mr. George Sanders has opened the Prospector's Hotel where the Star and Garter was formerly, and has made very substantial alterations in the house and premises. All the street from, Mr. J. B. Clarke's Club house upon both sides down to the corner of Herbert street is now compact, all the gaps having been closed. The building of Mr. Young, one of the most costly and imposing edifices in town, is now nearly completed, the carving by Mr. Hurbottle being a credit to that artist, and a new front has been put to Smith's hotel below. On the opposite corner an agreeable change appears in the Bank of New South Wales and its surroundings. The ground in the rear has been prettily laid off as a garden plot, and planted with choice flowers. A neat summer house has been erected, and a nice fence encloses the whole. Passing up Herbert-street, a great improvement is observable in the Court house, which not only looks much better, but in reality has been made very comfortable inside as well as out. Opposite this building Mr. Aspinall has put up an elegant and commodious billiard saloon and furnished it with every thing necessary for lovers of this game. Being unconnected with any bar or public-house, temperance people have no conscientious scruples in visiting and patronizing the the table. A few yards above, the Joint Stock Bank agency have erected a beautiful and imposing edifice where the business is now transacted. Nearly opposite the bank is the Congregational Church reserve which has been enclosed. Upon this there is a fine large cottage nearly completed, for the Rev. Mr Trevor the pastor of that church at Gulgong, or, we suppose, for his successors whoever they may be. Returning to the corner, we pass down Queen-street, and notice the tasteful fronts to the buildings of O'Neil Bros, and Mrs. Williams. Nearly opposite, the old Bowling Alley has been transformed by Mr. J. W. Clifford into a neat and cool saloon, where that veteran caterer to the gold miners has established a branch of his Sydney Brewery. Below we find that the old wine vault is now a comfortable Inn. Mr Ward has rejuvenated his commodious Turf Hotel and treated the outside to a thorough coat of paint and made corresponding improvements to the interior. Immediately in the rear of the lofty structure of the Theatre Royal, in rapid course of construction attracts every eye. Mr. Rossiter made an improvement in his Hotel, by adding a capacious parlour, and opposite, the little old shops have been replaced by a large building to be opened as a wine shop and cold drinks saloon. The Harp of Erin has also been greatly improved, as has Downey's and the School of Arts. Still further down a large house has been erected and opened as an hotel. Coming back and going down Herbert-street our attention is attracted by the alterations in Hunter and Co.'s Bazaar and Cameron's Crystal Fountain, which have been much improved. Mr. E. Purchase, the druggist, has also treated his dispensary with fresh paint. Mr. Wesley's Hotel now presents as fine an appearance as any hotel in town, and a new building is going up between the stores of Mr. Coleman and Mr. Collins. Messrs. Moses Brother's have opened the large iron store below Mr. Graham's, where wines and spirits are disposed of wholesale. Opposite is Clifford's new Sydney Brewery, where the celebrated XXX beer, so well known upon every gold-field in the colony for twenty years, is manufactured. The Belmore Hotel, by Mr. Allen, is one of the neatest hotels in the town. We have, in this sketch, only passed along the two principal streets, but the improvements do not end here. They extend, and are observable in every part of the township. Mr. McKinnon of the Robert Burns Hotel is building a new house on the old site of the Australian Joint Stock Bank, and expects to open by Christmas.

DAIRY

1891 - [GULGONG DAIRY CO]

The Gulgong Dairy Co. have their magnificent building nearly completed. The machinery is on the ground, and is being erected. It is expected that the whole will be completed, within four weeks from date. This will be one of the model factories of the day. The company has secured a most central and advantageous site, purchasing from the Government 10 acres of land upon which the factory is erected, and a shaft has been sunk, from which an unlimited supply of splendid water is procurable, an important factor and a boon to the company. It is surrounded by a large common, well-watered and grassed, which suppliers will have the benefit of. The company anticipate getting a good supply of milk, and, when in full swing, ought to produce butter second to none.